Exposure to greenspace has been associated with mental health benefits in children; however, the available evidence for such an association with anxiety is still scarce. This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate that association on a community cohort of 539 children, from Barcelona province, followed from 3 to 11 years. Long-term exposure to greenspace was characterized at both residential address and school as (i) surrounding greenspace based on satellite-derived indexes (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Vegetation Continuous Field (VCF) across different buffers and (ii) distance to the nearest green space. We characterized anxiety using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale, and cross-sectionally and longitudinally analyzed the associations between the greenspace exposure and the anxiety, using linear mixed models. Higher greenspace surrounding home and school were associated with lower levels of anxiety. Our findings suggest that increasing exposure to greenspace, specially at schools, could be included in preventive policies to promote mental health in children.

接触绿色空间对儿童的心理健康有益；然而，与焦虑之间存在这种关联的现有证据仍然很少。这项纵向研究旨在评估来自巴塞罗那省 539 名儿童的社区队列的这种关联，随访时间为 3 至 11 年。居住地址和学校的长期绿地暴露特征为：(i) 基于卫星衍生指数（不同缓冲区的标准化植被指数 (NDVI) 和植被连续场 (VCF)）的周围绿地，以及 (ii) 到最近的绿色空间。我们使用儿童行为检查表和斯宾塞儿童焦虑量表来描述焦虑，并使用线性混合模型横断面和纵向分析绿色空间暴露与焦虑之间的关联。家庭和学校周围较高的绿色空间与我们的研究结果表明，增加接触绿色空间，特别是在学校，可以纳入促进儿童心理健康的预防政策中。