Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between childhood family structures, including the presence or absence of problematic parental substance use (PPSU), and adverse outcomes during adolescence/young adulthood. Methods: The study population included 9,770 young people (aged 15-25 years) from samples drawn for two national surveys in Denmark during 2014-2015. By combining surveys with national register data, five types of childhood family structures were constructed based on whether the child experienced PPSU and/or family separation and the number of years the child lived with a parent with substance use problems. Using binary logistic regression models, the relationships between family structure and adverse outcomes in young adulthood (i.e., hospital admissions, mental disorders and criminality) were investigated. Results: Young people who experienced PPSU and did not live with both parents had higher odds of the different long-term adverse outcomes compared with young people who did not experience PPSU, and similar odds of the outcomes compared to youth who had not experienced PPSU and did not live with both parents. The highest odds of adverse outcomes were found among young people who experienced PPSU and lived with the parent with substance use problems for less than five years. Conclusions: Living with both parents protected against adverse outcomes in young adulthood, and if PPSU was present, the odds of adverse outcomes increased. The hypothesis that there would be a positive association between years living with a parent with substance use problems and adverse outcomes in young adulthood was not supported. Awareness should be raised in health service, educational and legal institutions about the risk for young people from families with PPSU who do not live with both parents.

中文翻译：

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父母有问题的物质使用、童年家庭结构和成年早期的不良后果。

目的：本研究的目的是调查儿童家庭结构（包括是否存在有问题的父母物质使用（PPSU））与青春期/青年期不良后果之间的关联。方法：研究人群包括 9,770 名年轻人（15-25 岁），样本来自丹麦 2014-2015 年两次全国调查。通过将调查与国家登记数据相结合，根据儿童是否经历过 PPSU 和/或家庭分离以及儿童与有药物使用问题的父母一起生活的年数，构建了五种类型的儿童家庭结构。使用二元逻辑回归模型，研究了家庭结构与青年期不良后果（即住院、精神障碍和犯罪）之间的关系。结果：与未经历过 PPSU 的年轻人相比，经历过 PPSU 且未与父母同住的年轻人出现不同长期不良后果的几率更高，而与未经历过 PPSU 和未与父母同住的年轻人相比，发生不同长期不良后果的几率相似。不与父母双方住在一起。出现不良后果的几率最高的是经历过 PPSU 并与有药物滥用问题的父母同住不到五年的年轻人。结论：与父母共同生活可以避免成年后出现不良后果，如果存在 PPSU，出现不良后果的几率就会增加。与有药物使用问题的父母一起生活的年数与成年早期不良后果之间存在正相关的假设并未得到支持。应提高卫生服务、教育和法律机构对来自不与父母双方同住的 PPSU 家庭的年轻人所面临的风险的认识。