Considered the epidemic of the 21st century by the WHO, obesity is a global problem that is on the rise and will continue to increase in the coming years. Spain and Andalusia, in particular, are no exception to this pathology, which has tripled since the 1970s, representing a public health challenge. The aim of this study is to analyse the socioeconomic determinants of this pathology, with special emphasis on answering the question of what has a greater influence on overweight, education level, or income. For this purpose, we have used the European Survey of Health in Spain (ESHS-2020), a microdata base, with a total of 22,072 valid individual observations (of which 2,820 belong to the Andalusian population). Results we obtain in our estimations of qualitative response models reveal that, although both income and educational attainment could be effective in the fight against overweight, the social gradient of this health problem is greater with respect to educational attainment. Additionally, there are many other variables and other factors related to the individual’s overweight (mental health, subjective state of health, oral health, among others) which are much less explored and which must be considered in health policies to combat this disease.

世界卫生组织将肥胖视为21世纪的流行病，肥胖是一个日益严重的全球性问题，并将在未来几年继续加剧。尤其是西班牙和安达卢西亚，这种病态也不例外，自 20 世纪 70 年代以来，这种病态增加了两倍，构成了公共卫生挑战。本研究的目的是分析这种病理的社会经济决定因素，特别强调回答什么对超重、教育水平或收入影响更大的问题。为此，我们使用了西班牙欧洲健康调查 (ESHS-2020)，这是一个微观数据库，共有 22,072 个有效的个人观察结果（其中 2,820 个属于安达卢西亚人口）。我们在定性反应模型估计中获得的结果表明，尽管收入和教育程度都可以有效地对抗超重，但这一健康问题的社会梯度在教育程度方面更大。此外，还有许多其他变量和其他因素与个人超重有关（心理健康、主观健康状况、口腔健康等），这些变量和因素的探索要少得多，在对抗这种疾病的卫生政策中必须考虑这些变量和因素。