In the relentless pursuit of scientific advancement, comprehending the profound impact and innovation nature inherent in funded research projects assumes paramount significance. To illuminate this matter, I delve into the realm of research supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The evaluative framework encompasses a spectrum of metrics, including citations by papers, patents, and Tweets, as markers of research impact. Moreover, I embrace ex-ante innovation (Novelty) and ex-post innovation (Disruption) as dual indispensable yardsticks for evaluating the innovative nature of research projects. Novelty denotes the manifestation of atypical combinations of existing knowledge, while Disruption signifies the extent of paradigm-shifting potential and the ability to exert a disruptive influence on future research endeavors. First, the analysis reveals that funded research projects manifest a conspicuously heightened impact in comparison to their non-funded counterparts. Second, I uncover a noteworthy finding: funded research demonstrates significantly higher levels of ex-ante innovation (Novelty). However, in a surprising twist, the impact of funding on ex-post innovation (Disruption) appears to be faint. Additionally, I undertake a meticulous scrutiny of the robustness of the research findings by scrutinizing patterns across years and fields. Despite the uneven distribution of NIH and NSF funded research and inconspicuous heterogeneity across fields, the patterns of the impact and dual innovation of funded research are consistent across almost all fields.

在不懈追求科学进步的过程中，理解资助研究项目固有的深远影响和创新本质具有至关重要的意义。为了阐明这个问题，我深入研究了美国国立卫生研究院 (NIH) 和美国国家科学基金会 (NSF) 支持的研究领域。评估框架包含一系列指标，包括论文、专利和推文的引用，作为研究影响力的标志。此外，我将事前创新（Novelty）和事后创新（Disruption）视为评估研究项目创新性的两个不可或缺的标准。新颖性是指现有知识的非典型组合的表现，而颠覆性则意味着范式转变潜力的程度以及对未来研究工作施加颠覆性影响的能力。首先，分析表明，与非资助研究项目相比，资助研究项目的影响明显更大。其次，我发现了一个值得注意的发现：资助的研究表明事前创新（新颖性）水平显着提高。然而，令人惊讶的是，资金对事后创新（颠覆）的影响似乎微弱。此外，我通过仔细审查跨年份和跨领域的模式，对研究结果的稳健性进行仔细审查。尽管 NIH 和 NSF 资助的研究分布不均，领域之间的异质性不明显，但资助研究的影响和双重创新模式几乎在所有领域都是一致的。