Although awareness regarding patients with mild traumatic brain injury has increased, they have not received sufficient attention in clinics; hence, many patients still experience only partial recovery. Deficits in decision-making function are frequently experienced by these patients. Accurate identification of impairment in the early stages after brain injury is particularly crucial for timely intervention and the prevention of long-term cognitive consequences. Therefore, we investigated the changes in decision-making ability under tasks of ambiguity and risk in patients with mild traumatic brain injury with a rule-based neuropsychological paradigm. In this study, patients (n = 39) and matched healthy controls (n = 38) completed general neuropsychological background tests and decision-making tasks (Iowa Gambling Task and Game of Dice Task). We found that patients had extensive cognitive impairment in general attention, memory and information processing speed in the subacute phase, and confirmed that patients had different degrees of impairment in decision-making abilities under ambiguity and risk. Furthermore, the decline of memory and executive function may be related to decision-making dysfunction.

中文翻译：

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亚急性轻度颅脑损伤患者决策功能的变化

尽管对轻度颅脑损伤患者的认识有所提高，但临床上并未得到足够的重视；因此，许多患者仍然只能部分康复。这些患者经常经历决策功能缺陷。脑损伤后早期准确识别损伤对于及时干预和预防长期认知后果尤为重要。因此，我们采用基于规则的神经心理学范式研究了轻度创伤性脑损伤患者在模糊和风险任务下决策能力的变化。在这项研究中，患者 ( n  = 39) 和匹配的健康对照 ( n  = 38) 完成了一般神经心理学背景测试和决策任务（爱荷华州赌博任务和骰子游戏任务）。我们发现患者在亚急性期的一般注意力、记忆力和信息处理速度方面存在广泛的认知障碍，并证实患者在模糊性和风险下的决策能力存在不同程度的损害。此外，记忆力和执行功能的下降可能与决策功能障碍有关。