OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of ADHD medication adherence interventions and explore the pathways to effectiveness. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using multiple databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Pooled effect sizes were calculated for medication adherence and ADHD symptom outcomes. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) was used to identify pathways to effectiveness. RESULTS Six RCTs were included. The interventions significantly improved medication adherence (OR = 2.39, 95% CI [1.19, 4.79]) and ADHD symptoms (Hedges' g = -0.96, 95% CI [-1.38, -0.54]). Multi-regression analysis showed a positive relationship between medication adherence and ADHD symptom reduction. QCA revealed two paths for effectiveness: (1) Presence of ADHD drug education and absence of reminder and (2) Presence of tracking and absence of reminder. CONCLUSION ADHD medication adherence interventions have a positive impact on both medication adherence and ADHD symptoms. Interventions should consider including ADHD drug education or tracking to maximize effectiveness.

中文翻译：

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促进注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童的药物依从性：荟萃分析和定性比较分析的混合方法系统评价。

目的 评估 ADHD 药物依从性干预措施的有效性并探索有效途径。方法 使用多个数据库进行系统评价，以确定相关的随机对照试验 (RCT)。计算药物依从性和多动症症状结果的汇总效应大小。定性比较分析（QCA）用于确定有效性的途径。结果 纳入六项随机对照试验。这些干预措施显着改善了药物依从性（OR = 2.39，95% CI [1.19, 4.79]）和 ADHD 症状（Hedges g = -0.96，95% CI [-1.38，-0.54]）。多重回归分析显示药物依从性与 ADHD 症状减轻之间呈正相关。QCA 揭示了两种有效性途径：(1) 存在 ADHD 药物教育且不存在提醒；(2) 存在跟踪且不存在提醒。结论 ADHD 药物依从性干预措施对药物依从性和 ADHD 症状均具有积极影响。干预措施应考虑包括多动症药物教育或跟踪，以最大限度地提高有效性。