INTRODUCTION Urine cytology is a common method for detection of urothelial carcinoma (UC), however, is not high sensitivity. Improvement of the accuracy of cytodiagnosis using immunocytostaining as an auxiliary method is needed. This study aimed to determine the cyto-diagnostic usefulness of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) immunocytostaining in urine cytology for the detection of urothelial carcinomas, particularly low-grade urothelial carcinomas (LGUC). METHODS PPAR-γ immunocytostaining was performed for 37 urothelial carcinoma (UC) cases and 26 benign cases. Among the UC cases, 22 cases were of the papillary proliferation type, not including the mixed type comprising both papillary and flat growth. Fifteen LGUC cases of all papillary proliferation types were included. For comparison, the same samples were also immunocytostained for p53 and Ki-67. RESULTS Of the UC cases, 25 of 37 were positive for PPAR-γ, while 24 of the 26 benign cases were PPAR-γ-negative. Regardless of histological grading, 13 of the 22 UC cases with papillary proliferation were PPAR-γ-positive. In particular, PPAR-γ immunocytostaining showed higher sensitivity for LGUC cases than that of the other biomarkers. Regarding LGUC specifically, 4 of 10 cases not identified by primary cytology were detected by PPAR-γ immunocytostaining. CONCLUSION PPAR-γ immunocytostaining enhances the accuracy of urine cytodiagnosis. Furthermore, PPAR-γ is a more useful immunobiomarker in urine cytology than p53 and Ki-67, the commonly used immunobiomarkers for malignant cell detection.

中文翻译：

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使用过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ 对尿液细胞学样本进行诊断性免疫细胞染色。

引言尿细胞学是检测尿路上皮癌（UC）的常用方法，但敏感性不高。需要使用免疫细胞染色作为辅助方法来提高细胞诊断的准确性。本研究旨在确定过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ (PPAR-γ) 免疫细胞染色在尿细胞学检测尿路上皮癌，特别是低级别尿路上皮癌 (LGUC) 中的细胞诊断有用性。方法对37例尿路上皮癌（UC）病例和26例良性病例进行PPAR-γ免疫细胞染色。UC病例中，乳头状增生型22例，不包括乳头状和扁平状生长混合型。包括所有乳头状增生类型的 15 例 LGUC 病例。为了进行比较，还对相同的样品进行了 p53 和 Ki-67 的免疫细胞染色。结果 37例UC病例中，25例PPAR-γ阳性，26例良性病例中24例PPAR-γ阴性。无论组织学分级如何，22 例乳头状增生 UC 病例中有 13 例 PPAR-γ 阳性。特别是，PPAR-γ 免疫细胞染色对 LGUC 病例的敏感性比其他生物标志物更高。具体就 LGUC 而言，原发性细胞学未鉴定的 10 例中有 4 例通过 PPAR-γ 免疫细胞染色检测到。结论 PPAR-γ免疫细胞染色提高了尿细胞诊断的准确性。此外，PPAR-γ 是尿液细胞学中比 p53 和 Ki-67（恶性细胞检测常用的免疫生物标记物）更有用的免疫生物标记物。