OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and alcohol use commonly co-occur and present a prevalent clinical comorbidity. The self-medication/coping model has been applied most consistently to understand the PTSD-alcohol use association. However, there is a relative paucity of self-report measures designed to assess motivations for alcohol use, specifically for coping with PTSD symptoms. The goals of the present study were to develop and validate a measure that assesses the use of alcohol to cope with specific facets of PTSD symptomatology across two independent samples. METHOD Two samples were evaluated: a university-based sample (N = 617; 77.0% women; Mage = 22.3; SD = 5.20) composed of racially diverse trauma-exposed students and a nationally representative sample (N = 510; 52.5% women; Mage = 39.5; SD = 10.9) of trauma-exposed adults who endorsed PTSD symptoms and past-year hazardous drinking. Both samples completed identical online questionnaire batteries. A Trauma-Related Alcohol Use Coping (TRAC) measure was developed and validated across both samples. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis was used to support the latent, hierarchical structure of the TRAC measure (total score; coping with intrusion, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and arousal/reactivity symptoms) and supported an 18-item version of the TRAC measure (university-based sample [N = 617]: RMSEA = 0.047, 90% CI [.04, .05]; SRMR = 0.043; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.95; nationally representative sample [N = 510]: RMSEA = 0.045, 90% CI [.04, .05]; SRMR = 0.021; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.97). The TRAC measure demonstrated excellent internal consistency, convergent, and discriminant validity with well-established measures of mental health, known-groups validity, and incremental validity relative to non-PTSD coping-motivated drinking. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the TRAC measure can be used to assess the extent to which alcohol use is related to coping with PTSD symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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创伤相关酒精使用应对措施 (TRAC) 的开发和初步验证。

目的 创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 症状和饮酒通常同时发生，并呈现出普遍的临床合并症。自我药疗/应对模型已被最一致地应用于理解创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）与酒精使用的关联。然而，旨在评估饮酒动机（特别是应对创伤后应激障碍症状）的自我报告措施相对较少。本研究的目标是开发和验证一项措施，评估使用酒精来应对两个独立样本的 PTSD 症状的特定方面。方法 对两个样本进行了评估：一个大学样本（N = 617；77.0% 女性；Mage = 22.3；SD = 5.20），由不同种族的遭受创伤的学生组成；以及一个全国代表性样本（N = 510；52.5% 女性；Mage = 22.3；SD = 5.20）。 Mage = 39.5；SD = 10.9）的创伤暴露成年人认可 PTSD 症状和过去一年的危险饮酒。两个样本都完成了相同的在线问卷调查。针对这两个样本开发并验证了创伤相关酒精使用应对 (TRAC) 措施。结果 验证性因素分析用于支持 TRAC 测量的潜在分层结构（总分；应对入侵、回避、认知和情绪的负面改变以及唤醒/反应症状），并支持 TRAC 的 18 项版本测量（大学样本 [N = 617]：RMSEA = 0.047，90% CI [.04, .05]；SRMR = 0.043；CFI = 0.95；TLI = 0.95；全国代表性样本 [N = 510]：RMSEA = 0.045，90% CI [.04，.05]；SRMR = 0.021；CFI = 0.98；TLI = 0.97)。TRAC 测量显示出出色的内部一致性、收敛性和区分效度，以及相对于非 PTSD 应对动机饮酒的完善的心理健康测量、已知群体效度和增量效度。结论 总体而言，TRAC 测量可用于评估饮酒与应对 PTSD 症状的相关程度。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。