Introduction Carcinoma of the gallbladder is extremely rare, papillary adenocarcinoma comprises 90% of these cases. Although neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise 0.5% of the cases of gallbladder cancer, the incidence is rising. NEN is classified into a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine cancer (NEC). Histologically, NEC is small-cell or large-cell carcinoma. We present the extremely rare case, 15th in the literature to be precise, of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder. Case Presentation A 72-year-old male presented to the emergency department with constipation and right upper quadrant pain for 3 months. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen demonstrated an ill-defined 7.2 × 4.9 cm hypodense lesion in the gallbladder fossa with extension into the liver. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of the biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder. He was started on palliative chemotherapy. Conclusion The plethora of tumors present in the gallbladder necessitates a search for risk factors for gallbladder neoplasia, and underscores the need to more carefully examine the nature of "asymptomatic gallstones." Further studies may reveal subclasses of cholelithiasis, gallbladder morphology, or imaging to define which patients should be followed more carefully, and may clarify additional risk factors for cancer of the gallbladder.

中文翻译：

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胆囊大细胞神经内分泌癌：生存是一个罕见的实体 - 病例报告和文献综述。

简介 胆囊癌极为罕见，其中 90% 为乳头状腺癌。尽管神经内分泌肿瘤 (NEN) 占胆囊癌病例的 0.5%，但发病率正在上升。NEN分为高分化神经内分泌肿瘤和低分化神经内分泌癌（NEC）。从组织学上来说，NEC 是小细胞癌或大细胞癌。我们介绍了极为罕见的胆囊大细胞神经内分泌癌病例，准确地说是文献中的第 15 例。病例介绍 一名 72 岁男性因便秘和右上腹疼痛 3 个月来急诊科就诊。腹部计算机断层扫描显示胆囊窝内有一个边界不清的 7.2 × 4.9 厘米低密度病变，并延伸至肝脏。活检标本的组织病理学和免疫组织化学分析证实了胆囊大细胞神经内分泌癌的诊断。他开始接受姑息化疗。结论 胆囊中存在大量肿瘤，因此有必要寻找胆囊肿瘤形成的危险因素，并强调需要更仔细地检查“无症状胆结石”的性质。进一步的研究可能会揭示胆石症、胆囊形态或影像学的亚类，以确定哪些患者应该更仔细地随访，并可能澄清胆囊癌的其他危险因素。