An important issue associated with at-risk families in the child welfare system is the impact of familial stress processes on child developmental outcomes. The present study used the family stress model (FSM) to examine the impact of economic hardship, economic pressure, caregiver emotional distress, caregiver/partner conflict, caregiver harsh parenting, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on child's cognitive, behavioral, and social outcomes. Data from the National Survey on Child and Adolescent Well-Being II were utilized, and 1,363 children (709 male, 654 female) ages 2-18 months (at Wave 1) were included in the present study. Three waves of data were analyzed in the longitudinal structural equation model, with economic hardship and economic pressure at Wave 1, caregiver emotional distress, caregiver/partner conflict, and caregiver harsh parenting at Wave 2 predicting ACEs and child outcomes at Wave 3. Results were overall consistent with the FSM in that economic hardship led to economic pressure, and caregiver emotional distress and caregiver/partner conflict led to harsh parenting, which subsequently led to ACEs. ACEs led to negative child cognitive outcomes, and for female children only, ACEs led to internalizing/externalizing behaviors. The results demonstrate that over time, familial stress processes led to negative child developmental outcomes in this sample. Study results also highlight the inextricable connection between mild harsh parenting behaviors and more severe forms of maltreatment on child outcomes. The prevention of child maltreatment is emphasized, with a specific focus on increasing positive parenting behaviors and decreasing caregiver emotional distress and caregiver/partner conflict. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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受虐待幼儿的纵向路径：家庭压力过程和不良童年经历。

儿童福利系统中与高危家庭相关的一个重要问题是家庭压力过程对儿童发育结果的影响。本研究使用家庭压力模型（FSM）来研究经济困难、经济压力、照顾者情绪困扰、照顾者/伴侣冲突、照顾者严厉的养育方式和不良童年经历（ACE）对儿童认知、行为和社交的影响。结果。本研究利用了全国儿童和青少年福祉调查 II 的数据，并纳入了 1,363 名 2-18 个月（第一波）的儿童（709 名男性，654 名女性）。在纵向结构方程模型中分析了三波数据，第一波的经济困难和经济压力，第二波的照顾者情绪困扰，照顾者/伴侣冲突和第二波的照顾者严厉养育方式预测了第三波的 ACE 和儿童结局。结果为总体上与密克罗尼西亚联邦一致，即经济困难导致经济压力，照顾者情绪困扰和照顾者/伴侣冲突导致严厉的养育方式，从而导致 ACE。ACE 会导致负面的儿童认知结果，并且仅对于女孩而言，ACE 会导致内化/外化行为。结果表明，随着时间的推移，家庭压力过程导致了该样本中儿童的负面发育结果。研究结果还强调了轻微严厉的养育行为与更严重的虐待形式对儿童结局之间存在着不可分割的联系。强调预防虐待儿童，特别注重增加积极的养育行为，减少照料者的情绪困扰和照料者/伴侣的冲突。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。