As a frequent complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) was confirmed to not only aggravate the symptoms of IBD but also result in unexpected outcomes, including death. With the increasing prevalence rate of IBD and the updating of CDI diagnosis, the incidence of CDI in IBD patients is also seen rising. Although a detection method consisting of glutamate dehydrogenase immunoassay or nucleic acid amplification test and then toxin A/B enzyme immunoassay was recommended and widely adopted, the diagnosis of CDI in IBD is still a challenge because of the overlap between the symptoms of CDI in IBD and CDI itself. Vancomycin and fidaxomicin are the first-line therapy for CDI in IBD; however, the treatment has different effects due to the complexity of IBD patients' conditions and the choice of different treatment schemes. Although the use of fecal microbial transplantation is now in the ascendant for IBD management, the prospects are still uncertain and the prevention and treatment of the recurrence of CDI in IBD remain a clinical challenge. In this paper, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, prevention, and therapy of CDI in IBD were summarized and presented.

中文翻译：

---

炎症性肠病和艰难梭菌感染：临床表现、诊断和治疗。

作为炎症性肠病（IBD）的常见并发症，艰难梭菌感染（CDI）被证实不仅会加重IBD的症状，还会导致意想不到的结果，包括死亡。随着IBD患病率的增加和CDI诊断的更新，IBD患者中CDI的发病率也呈上升趋势。尽管谷氨酸脱氢酶免疫分析或核酸扩增试验，然后毒素A/B酶免疫分析组成的检测方法被推荐并广泛采用，但由于IBD中CDI的症状与IBD中CDI的症状重叠，IBD中CDI的诊断仍然是一个挑战。 CDI本身。万古霉素和非达霉素是 IBD 中 CDI 的一线治疗药物；但由于IBD患者病情的复杂性以及治疗方案的选择不同，治疗效果也不同。尽管粪便微生物移植在IBD治疗中的应用方兴未艾，但其前景仍不确定，IBD中CDI复发的预防和治疗仍然是临床挑战。本文对IBD中CDI的流行病学、病理生理学、临床表现、预防和治疗进行了总结和介绍。