CONTEXT Existing differences in persons with lower 30- or 60-min plasma glucose (PG) levels during 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) than fasting PG remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To clarify the characteristics of persons whose PG levels decrease after glucose administration during OGTT and their risk of incidence of diabetes in a Japanese general population. METHOD In this cohort study, a total of 3995 men and 3500 women (mean age 56.7 years) without diabetes were classified into three groups: (1) PG at both 30 and 60 min ≥ fasting PG; (2) PG at 30 min ≥ fasting PG and PG at 60 min < fasting PG; (3) PG at 30 min < fasting PG. The characteristics and the risk of diabetes onset were analyzed using ordered logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression, respectively. RESULTS Among 7495 participants, numbers of individuals in the group 1, 2 and 3 were 6552, 769, and 174, respectively. The glucose response curve of the group 3 was boat-shaped. The group 3 had the youngest age, lowest percentage of men, and best health condition, followed by the group 2 and 1. Among 3879 participants analyzed prospectively, 434 developed diabetes during the mean follow-up period of 5.8 years. The hazard ratio for diabetes onset in the group 2 was 0.30 with reference to the group 1. No-one in the group 3 developed diabetes. CONCLUSION People with lower 30-min PG than fasting PG tended to be women, young, healthy, and at low risk of diabetes onset.

中文翻译：

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口服葡萄糖耐量试验期间葡萄糖反应曲线罕见的人群的糖尿病特征和风险。

背景 75 克口服葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT) 期间 30 分钟或 60 分钟血浆葡萄糖 (PG) 水平低于空腹 PG 水平的人之间存在的差异仍不清楚。目的 明确日本一般人群中 OGTT 期间服用葡萄糖后 PG 水平降低的人群的特征及其患糖尿病的风险。方法 在这项队列研究中，共有 3995 名男性和 3500 名无糖尿病的女性（平均年龄 56.7 岁）被分为三组：（1）30 和 60 分钟 PG ≥ 空腹 PG；(2) 30分钟PG≥空腹PG且60分钟PG<空腹PG；(3) 30 分钟 PG < 空腹 PG。分别使用有序逻辑回归和Cox比例风险回归分析糖尿病发病的特征和风险。结果 在 7495 名参与者中，第 1、2 和 3 组的人数分别为 6552、769 和 174。第3组的葡萄糖反应曲线呈船形。第 3 组年龄最小，男性比例最低，健康状况最好，其次是第 2 组和第 1 组。在前瞻性分析的 3879 名参与者中，434 人在平均 5.8 年的随访期内患上糖尿病。与第1组相比，第2组发生糖尿病的风险比为0.30。第3组中没有人患上糖尿病。结论 30 分钟 PG 低于空腹 PG 的人往往是女性、年轻、健康且患糖尿病的风险较低。