Parrotia persica is one of the endemic plants in Iran and belongs to the Hamamelidaceae family. A wide range of biological activities of this plant have been attributed to several phenolic compounds. In this study, the phenolic bioactive compounds extraction from P. persica leaves was performed using conventional and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques through the response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the best extraction conditions and reach the maximum amount of phenolic compounds. The central composite design (CCD) was conducted for the optimization of four extraction parameters, including extraction time, alcohol concentration, solvent-to-solid ratio, and temperature. The coding of parameters was performed as an independent variable at five levels. Quantitative and qualitative assessments were achieved by using HPLC, LC-MS, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. According to the results, UAE was chosen as the best method with the optimal extraction values: 15 min as an extraction time, 40% alcohol portion in solvent, solvent-to-solid ratio equal to 30 : 1, and 25°C for temperature. In this regard, it was found that the similarity of experimental to predicted findings was 98.7% for the phenolic content and 94.9% for the mass extract in the UAE method. The findings showed a good similarity between the experimental and predicted values, and no significant changes were observed between the real and theoretical results. In addition, our finding revealed that the optimum extraction yield was 28.5% for the mass extract in the UAE optimization process. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity by DPPH assay indicates that the extract which was obtained using UAE in optimum condition, proposed remarkable antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ 29.86 μg·ml⁻¹). Moreover, the cytotoxic assay was performed against PC-3 cancer cells, and it was found that the optimized extract using UAE has a promising cytotoxic activity (IC₅₀ 10.4 μg·ml⁻¹) without toxicity toward normal cells. Since there is a possibility to use P. persica as one of the commercial herbal sources, the optimized extraction models could be utilized for scaling up the phenolic compound extraction from P. persica leaf.

中文翻译：

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桃花作为生物活性酚类化合物的潜在来源：提取参数的优化和生物活性测定

Parrotia persica是伊朗特有植物之一，属于金缕梅科。这种植物的多种生物活性归因于几种酚类化合物。本研究采用传统技术和超声波辅助提取（UAE）技术，通过响应面法（RSM）从桃叶中提取酚类生物活性化合物，以优化最佳提取条件并达到酚类化合物的最大含量。中心复合设计（CCD）用于优化四个提取参数，包括提取时间、酒精浓度、溶剂与固体的比率和温度。参数的编码作为自变量在五个级别上进行。通过使用 HPLC、LC-MS 和 UV-Vis 分光光度法进行定量和定性评估。根据结果​​，选择UAE为最佳方法，最佳提取值为：提取时间15 min，溶剂酒精含量40%，液固比30：1，温度25℃。 。在这方面，发现阿联酋方法中酚类含量的实验结果与预测结果的相似度为 98.7%，质量提取物的实验结果与预测结果的相似度为 94.9%。研究结果表明，实验值与预测值之间具有良好的相似性，实际结果与理论结果之间没有观察到显着变化。此外，我们的研究结果表明，UAE 优化过程中质量提取物的最佳提取率为 28.5%。此外，通过DPPH测定的抗氧化活性表明，在最佳条件下使用UAE获得的提取物具有显着的抗氧化活性（IC ₅₀ 29.86  μ g·ml ^-1）。此外，对PC-3癌细胞进行细胞毒性测定，发现使用UAE的优化提取物具有良好的细胞毒活性（IC ₅₀ 10.4  μ g·ml ^-1），对正常细胞没有毒性。由于有可能使用桃作为商业草药来源之一，因此优化的提取模型可用于扩大从桃叶中提取酚类化合物的规模。