Remote work is typically characterized as work that is done at some physical distance from the office. Existing research has shown that the main elements of this characterization—physical distance and the office—are far more complex than most people realize. This review develops a framework that refracts the concept of remote work into four types of distance—psychological, temporal, technological, and structural—and three objects from which one can be distant—material resources, social resources, and symbolic resources. We then use this refraction framework to answer five questions about the way remote work is changing the future of work: ( a) Who will work remotely? ( b) Where will people work remotely? ( c) When will people work remotely? ( d) Why will people work remotely? and ( e) How will people work remotely? After demonstrating how existing research can help us answer these questions, we discuss important avenues for future investigation.

中文翻译：

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远程工作如何改变工作世界

远程工作通常是指在距办公室一定距离的地方完成的工作。现有研究表明，这种特征的主要要素——物理距离和办公室——比大多数人意识到的要复杂得多。这篇综述开发了一个框架，将远程工作的概念折射为四种距离——心理距离、时间距离、技术距离和结构距离——以及可以远离的三种对象——物质资源、社会资源和象征资源。然后，我们使用这个折射框架来回答有关远程工作如何改变未来工作的五个问题：(a) 谁将远程工作？ (b) 人们将在哪里远程工作？ (c) 人们何时会远程工作？ (d) 人们为什么要远程工作？ (e) 人们将如何远程工作？在展示现有研究如何帮助我们回答这些问题之后，我们讨论了未来研究的重要途径。