Epilepsy is highly prevalent and notoriously pharmacoresistant. New therapeutic interventions are urgently needed, both for preventing the seizures themselves and negative outcomes and comorbidities associated with chronic epilepsy. While the cerebellum is not traditionally associated with epilepsy or seizures, research over the past decade has outlined the cerebellum as a brain region that is uniquely suited for both therapeutic needs. This review discusses our current understanding of the cerebellum as a key node within seizure networks, capable of both attenuating seizures in several animal models, and conversely, prone to altered structure and function in chronic epilepsy. Critical next steps are to advance therapeutic modulation of the cerebellum more toward translation, and to provide a more comprehensive characterization of how the cerebellum is impacted by chronic epilepsy, in order to subvert negative outcomes.

癫痫症非常普遍，并且众所周知具有耐药性。迫切需要新的治疗干预措施，既可以预防癫痫发作本身，也可以预防与慢性癫痫相关的负面结果和合并症。虽然小脑传统上与癫痫或癫痫发作无关，但过去十年的研究已将小脑概述为特别适合这两种治疗需求的大脑区域。这篇综述讨论了我们目前对小脑作为癫痫网络中关键节点的理解，它既能够减轻多种动物模型中的癫痫发作，又能相反地在慢性癫痫中易于改变结构和功能。接下来的关键步骤是进一步推动小脑的治疗调节向翻译方向发展，并更全面地描述小脑如何受到慢性癫痫的影响，以扭转负面结果。