Community-based aquaculture can reduce dependence on natural resources, promote biodiversity conservation, and improve local economies and food security. However, this activity is highly dependent on local conditions regarding natural resources, such as the availability of produced organisms, adequate feeds, and environmental factors. As ectothermic organisms, fish are more susceptible to temperature fluctuations in culture conditions. A set of raw ingredients (e.g., cassava and local beans) produced or available in villages from Cabo Delgado (Mozambique) with nutritional potential for fish feed were selected to produce an experimental diet. The following objectives were defined: (1) evaluate growth performance of tilapia fingerlings fed a diet produced with local ingredients, compared with a commercial-like diet; and (2) evaluate the response to thermal stress (18, 26, and 32°C) by tilapia fingerlings fed with tested diets. Tilapia fed with an experimental diet presented lower growth rates, lower DNA damage, higher neurophysiological, and antioxidant activity, leading to increased oxidative stress. Regarding energy budget, tilapia fed with the experimental diet presented higher protein content at 26°C and lipids at 18°C, leading to greater energy available at these temperatures. Overall, local ingredients can be successfully used as an additional feed source for tilapia production in community-based aquaculture in earthen ponds.

中文翻译：

---

社区水产养殖的可持续饲料配方：尼罗罗非鱼鱼种的性能和抗氧化状态

以社区为基础的水产养殖可以减少对自然资源的依赖，促进生物多样性保护，并改善当地经济和粮食安全。然而，这项活动高度依赖于当地的自然资源条件，例如生产生物体的可用性、充足的饲料和环境因素。作为变温生物，鱼类更容易受到养殖条件下温度波动的影响。选择德尔加杜角（莫桑比克）村庄生产或可获得的一组具有鱼饲料营养潜力的原料（例如木薯和当地豆类）来生产实验饲料。确定了以下目标：（1）与商业类饲料相比，评估用当地原料生产的饲料喂养的罗非鱼鱼种的生长性能； (2) 评估用测试饲料喂养的罗非鱼鱼种对热应激（18、26 和 32°C）的反应。用实验饲料喂养的罗非鱼表现出较低的生长速度、较低的DNA损伤、较高的神经生理学和抗氧化活性，导致氧化应激增加。关于能量预算，用实验饲料喂养的罗非鱼在 26°C 时呈现出更高的蛋白质含量，在 18°C 时呈现出更高的脂质含量，从而在这些温度下提供更多的能量。总体而言，当地原料可以成功地用作社区土塘水产养殖罗非鱼生产的额外饲料来源。