In the current era of Industry 4.0, many new technologies offer manufacturing industries to achieve high productivity. Augmented Reality (AR) is one of the emerging technologies that has been adopted in industries to aid users in acquiring complex skills and carrying out many complicated tasks such product assembly and maintenance. Nevertheless, most AR applications have been developed without clear understanding of how such technology can facilitate improved learnability in terms of knowledge reusability. This paper proposed an enhanced AR-based training system that provides multimodal information with a contextualized information to improve task comprehension and knowledge reusability compared with traditional AR that presents unimodal and decontextualized information. An empirical test was carried out to assess the task performance and the task learnability aspects of this enhanced AR compared to the traditional AR and the paper-based document. The experiment consisted of a training phase where participants carried out an electrical connection task of a sensor followed by a knowledge reuse phase where participants had to wire a second sensor using their previous training. A pre-test quiz was given before the experiment followed by the post-tests phase after the training. Post-tests consist of one post-test given directly after the experiment (short-term retention test) and a second post-test quiz given one week later (long-term retention test) to measure information retention. The results indicated that AR-based approaches could enhance knowledge acquisition by around 18 % for traditional AR and almost 25 % for enhanced AR as compared to paper-based approach. While all training systems achieved relatively equivalent well for short-term retention test, trainees who used the enhanced AR training systems statistically outperformed those in the paper-based group for long term retention test. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the score of short-term retention test and the score in the knowledge reusability which was also shown by the higher scores in knowledge reusability for the enhanced AR training system compared to the other two approaches. These findings are discussed in relation to the Industry 5.0′s human centric core value.

中文翻译：

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增强现实培训可提高可学习性

在当今工业4.0时代，许多新技术为制造业提供了实现高生产率的机会。增强现实（AR）是行业中采用的新兴技术之一，可帮助用户获得复杂的技能并执行产品组装和维护等许多复杂的任务。然而，大多数 AR 应用程序在开发时并没有清楚地了解此类技术如何在知识可重用性方面促进提高可学习性。本文提出了一种增强的基于 AR 的训练系统，与提供单模态和去上下文信息的传统 AR 相比，该系统提供带有上下文信息的多模态信息，以提高任务理解和知识可重用性。我们进行了实证测试，以评估这种增强型 AR 与传统 AR 和纸质文档相比的任务性能和任务可学习性。该实验包括一个培训阶段，参与者执行传感器的电气连接任务，然后是知识重用阶段，参与者必须使用之前的培训来连接第二个传感器。实验前进行预测试测验，培训后进行后测试阶段。后测试包括在实验后直接进行的一项后测试（短期保留测试）和一周后进行的第二次后测试（长期保留测试），以衡量信息保留情况。结果表明，与基于纸质的方法相比，基于 AR 的方法可以将传统 AR 的知识获取能力提高约 18%，而增强 AR 的知识获取能力可提高近 25%。虽然所有培训系统在短期保留测试中都取得了相对较好的成绩，但在长期保留测试中，使用增强型 AR 培训系统的受训者在统计上优于纸质培训组的受训者。此外，短期保留测试的分数与知识可重用性的分数之间存在正相关性，这也可以通过与其他两种方法相比增强 AR 训练系统的知识可重用性分数更高来证明。这些发现与工业 5.0 以人为本的核心价值进行了讨论。