Social sustainability is a key pillar of sustainable development that usually receives less focus and emphasis when compared to other environmental or economic aspects. This entails the need to address this gap, should the concept of urban sustainability be comprehensively tackled. Despite such importance, social sustainability is considered a relatively difficult pillar to measure, considering its entanglements with the concerned individuals, communities, and stakeholders. This study aimed to identify the key barriers to achieving social sustainability in the context of Jordan. It relied on the opinions of three groups of experts, including academics, practitioners, and end users to reach a comprehensive account of understanding such barriers within a multi-faceted approach. The methodology relied on the Delphi technique by identifying areas of consensus and variance in provided opinions. The Kruskal–Wallis test was then applied to identify the inter-group differences and explore the key causes for such differences. The study concluded by developing a comprehensive framework of identified barriers weighed according to their relative importance considering the provided cumulative feedback. In so doing, it represents a step towards a comprehensive model that would assist in understanding, and later enabling, the successful achievement of social sustainability in the studied local context.

中文翻译：

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城市化社会可持续性的障碍：多利益相关者的比较视角

社会可持续性是可持续发展的关键支柱，与其他环境或经济方面相比，社会可持续性通常受到的关注和重视较少。如果城市可持续发展的概念得到全面解决，就需要解决这一差距。尽管如此重要，但考虑到社会可持续性与相关个人、社区和利益相关者的纠缠，社会可持续性被认为是一个相对难以衡量的支柱。本研究旨在确定约旦实现社会可持续性的主要障碍。它依靠包括学者、从业者和最终用户在内的三组专家的意见，以多方面的方式全面了解这些障碍。该方法依赖于德尔菲技术，通过确定所提供意见中的共识和差异领域。然后应用克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验来识别组间差异并探索造成这种差异的关键原因。该研究的结论是，根据所提供的累积反馈，根据其相对重要性对已识别的障碍进行权衡，制定了一个综合框架。这样做，它代表了向综合模型迈出的一步，该模型将有助于理解并随后在所研究的当地背景下成功实现社会可持续性。