Climate change challenges temperate forest trees by increasingly irregular precipitation and rising temperatures. Due to long generation cycles, trees cannot quickly adapt genetically. Hence, the persistence of tree populations in the face of ongoing climate change depends largely on phenotypic variation, that is the capability of a genotype to express variable phenotypes under different environmental conditions, known as plasticity. We aimed to quantify phenotypic variation of central Europe's naturally dominant forest tree across various intraspecific scales (individuals, mother trees (families), populations) to evaluate its potential to respond to changing climatic conditions.

中文翻译：

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无论环境或来源种群如何，在水青冈每棵母树的后代中都发现了高表型变异

气候变化导致降水越来越不规律和气温上升，对温带森林树木提出了挑战。由于世代周期长，树木无法快速适应遗传。因此，面对持续的气候变化，树木种群的持久性在很大程度上取决于表型变异，即基因型在不同环境条件下表达可变表型的能力，称为可塑性。我们的目的是量化中欧自然优势森林树在不同种内尺度（个体、母树（科）、种群）的表型变异，以评估其应对气候条件变化的潜力。