The unique physiological and genetic characteristics of individuals influence their reactions to different dietary constituents and nutrients. This notion is the foundation of personalized nutrition. The field of nutrigenetics has witnessed significant progress in understanding the impact of genetic variants on macronutrient and micronutrient levels and the individual's responsiveness to dietary intake. These variants hold significant value in facilitating the development of personalized nutritional interventions, thereby enabling the effective translation from conventional dietary guidelines to genome-guided nutrition. Nevertheless, certain obstacles could impede the extensive implementation of individualized nutrition, which is still in its infancy, such as the polygenic nature of nutrition-related pathologies. Consequently, many disorders are susceptible to the collective influence of multiple genes and environmental interplay, wherein each gene exerts a moderate to modest effect. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that diseases emerge because of the intricate interplay between genetic predisposition and external environmental influences. In the context of this specific paradigm, the utilization of advanced "omic" technologies, including epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome analysis, in conjunction with comprehensive phenotyping, has the potential to unveil hitherto undisclosed hereditary elements and interactions between genes and the environment. This review aims to provide up-to-date information regarding the fundamentals of personalized nutrition, specifically emphasizing the complex triangulation interplay among microbiota, dietary metabolites, and genes. Furthermore, it highlights the intestinal microbiota's unique makeup, its influence on nutrigenomics, and the tailoring of dietary suggestions. Finally, this article provides an overview of genotyping versus microbiomics, focusing on investigating the potential applications of this knowledge in the context of tailored dietary plans that aim to improve human well-being and overall health.

中文翻译：

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将营养基因组学、代谢组学和微生物组学进行三角测量，以实现个性化营养和健康生活

个体独特的生理和遗传特征影响他们对不同饮食成分和营养素的反应。这个概念是个性化营养的基础。营养遗传学领域在了解遗传变异对大量营养素和微量营养素水平以及个人对饮食摄入的反应的影响方面取得了重大进展。这些变体在促进个性化营养干预措施的发展方面具有重要价值，从而能够从传统饮食指南有效转化为基因组指导营养。然而，某些障碍可能会阻碍个性化营养的广泛实施，该营养仍处于起步阶段，例如营养相关病理的多基因性质。因此，许多疾病容易受到多个基因和环境相互作用的集体影响，其中每个基因都发挥中等至中等的影响。此外，人们普遍认为，疾病的出现是由于遗传倾向和外部环境影响之间错综复杂的相互作用。在这一特定范式的背景下，利用先进的“组学”技术，包括表观基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和微生物组分析，与综合表型分析相结合，有可能揭示迄今为止未公开的遗传因素以及基因和基因之间的相互作用。环境。本综述旨在提供有关个性化营养基础知识的最新信息，特别强调微生物群、膳食代谢物和基因之间复杂的三角相互作用。此外，它还强调了肠道微生物群的独特组成、其对营养基因组学的影响以及饮食建议的定制。最后，本文概述了基因分型与微生物组学，重点研究了这些知识在旨在改善人类福祉和整体健康的定制饮食计划中的潜在应用。