Building on Schumpeter Mark I and Mark II, I propose an additional pattern of innovation and technological regime called the intellectual monopoly (IM) to explain the co-habitation of large incumbent firms with high entry and exit rates and provide evidence for pharmaceuticals and information technologies. I associate the IM pattern and technological regime with corporate innovation systems and illustrate that patterns not only evolve after changes in technological regimes but also due to economic, political, and institutional transformations.

中文翻译：

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知识垄断作为创新和技术体制的新模式

在熊彼特马克一号和马克二号的基础上，我提出了一种称为知识垄断（IM）的创新和技术体制的额外模式，以解释具有高进入率和退出率的大型现有企业的共存，并为制药和信息技术提供证据。我将 IM 模式和技术体制与企业创新系统联系起来，并说明模式不仅在技术体制变化后演变，而且还由于经济、政治和制度转型而演变。