Despite some consensus, the origins and dissemination routes of the different species of Datura remain controversial. Various sources like documents, ancient art and archaeobotanical remains from the Old World add to the archaeological, chemical, archaeobotanical and ethnobotanical evidence from the New World, contributing to the debate. This paper presents a synthesis of earlier research on Datura and the new results obtained from our analysis of the botanical remains from the archaeological site of Guitián in Northwestern Argentina, which reveal the presence of Datura ferox seeds within the context of rituals. There is evidence that the seeds had been processed and were possibly the remains of fermented maize beer (chicha) which was drunk on an Inca ceremonial structure (ushnu). Direct dating of the seeds reveals that they are from the 15th century ce. This confirms the presence of D. ferox in South America in pre-Hispanic times and adds to the list of psychoactive plants used by the inhabitants of the Inca empire.

尽管存在一些共识，但不同曼陀罗物种的起源和传播途径仍然存在争议。来自旧世界的文献、古代艺术和考古植物学遗骸等各种来源，增加了来自新世界的考古、化学、考古植物学和民族植物学证据，促成了这场辩论。本文综合了早期关于曼陀罗的研究，以及我们对阿根廷西北部吉蒂安考古遗址的植物遗骸进行分析所获得的新结果，这些结果揭示了曼陀罗种子在仪式中的存在。有证据表明这些种子已经过加工，可能是在印加仪式结构（ ushnu ）上饮用的发酵玉米啤酒（ chicha ）的残留物。对种子的直接年代测定显示它们来自公元15世纪。这证实了前西班牙时期南美洲就存在D. ferox ，并将其添加到印加帝国居民使用的精神活性植物清单中。