Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is readily transmitted from person to person. We evaluated the emerging landscape of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Bangladesh from a retrospective study of nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 130 SARS-CoV-2-positive cases randomly selected over 6 months. Mutation analysis of whole-genome sequencing of 130 SARS-CoV-2 variants revealed 528 unique coding mutations, of which 102 were deletions, 6 were premature stop codons, and the remaining were substitutions. The most common mutation in the cohort was ORF1b:P314L, with a frequency of 98.5%. A total of 132 unique coding mutations were observed in the spike protein gene. Fourteen mutations were mapped to the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). These mutations increase the affinity between the spike protein and its human receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), thereby increasing SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility. This study will help understand the SARS-CoV-2 virus and ultimately aid in monitoring and combatting the COVID-19 pandemic by furthering research on appropriate therapies. Analysis of age revealed closer association of the Delta variant with older populations and of the Omicron variant with younger populations. This may have important implications on how we monitor infections, distribute vaccines, and treat patients based on their ages.

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 很容易在人与人之间传播。我们通过对 6 个月内随机选择的 130 名 SARS-CoV-2 阳性病例收集的鼻咽拭子进行回顾性研究，评估了孟加拉国新出现的 SARS-CoV-2 变种情况。对 130 个 SARS-CoV-2 变体的全基因组测序进行突变分析，发现 528 个独特的编码突变，其中 102 个为缺失，6 个为提前终止密码子，其余为替换。该队列中最常见的突变是 ORF1b:P314L，频率为 98.5%。在刺突蛋白基因中总共观察到 132 个独特的编码突变。十四个突变被定位到刺突蛋白受体结合域（RBD）。这些突变增加了刺突蛋白与其人类受体血管紧张素转换酶 2 (ACE2) 之间的亲和力，从而增加了 SARS-CoV-2 的传播能力。这项研究将有助于了解 SARS-CoV-2 病毒，并通过进一步研究适当的疗法，最终帮助监测和抗击 COVID-19 大流行。年龄分析揭示了 Delta 变体与老年人群以及 Omicron 变体与年轻人群的密切关联。这可能对我们如何监测感染、分发疫苗和根据年龄治疗患者产生重要影响。