The industrial revolution and urbanization fundamentally restructured populations’ living circumstances, often with poor impacts on health. As an example, unhealthy food establishments may concentrate in some neighborhoods and, mediated by social and commercial drivers, increase local health risks. To understand the connections between neighborhood food environments and public health, researchers often use geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial statistics to analyze place-based evidence, but such tools require careful application and interpretation. In this article, we summarize the factors shaping neighborhood health in relation to local food environments and outline the use of GIS methodologies to assess associations between the two. We provide an overview of available data sources, analytical approaches, and their strengths and weaknesses. We postulate next steps in GIS integration with forecasting, prediction, and simulation measures to frame implications for local health policies.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 45 is April 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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基于 GIS 的邻里食品环境和慢性病评估：方法概述

工业革命和城市化从根本上改变了人们的生活环境，但往往对健康产生了不良影响。例如，不健康的食品企业可能集中在一些社区，并在社会和商业驱动因素的影响下，增加当地的健康风险。为了了解邻近食物环境与公共卫生之间的联系，研究人员经常使用地理信息系统（GIS）和空间统计来分析基于地点的证据，但此类工具需要仔细应用和解释。在本文中，我们总结了与当地食物环境相关的影响社区健康的因素，并概述了使用 GIS 方法来评估两者之间的关联。我们概述了可用的数据源、分析方法及其优缺点。我们假设 GIS 与预测、预测和模拟措施集成的后续步骤，以构建对当地卫生政策的影响。《公共卫生年度回顾》第 45 卷的预计最终在线发布日期为 2024 年 4 月。请参阅 http://www. Annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计。