Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring nanoparticles released from all eucaryotic and procaryotic cells. While their role was formerly largely underestimated, EVs are now clearly established as key mediators of intercellular communication. Therefore, these vesicles constitute an attractive topic of study for both basic and applied research with great potential, for example, as a new class of biomarkers, as cell-free therapeutics or as drug delivery systems. However, the complexity and biological origin of EVs sometimes complicate their identification and therapeutic use. Thus, this rapidly expanding research field requires new methods and tools for the production, enrichment, detection, and therapeutic application of EVs. In this review, we have sought to explain how polymer materials actively contributed to overcome some of the limitations associated to EVs. Indeed, thanks to their infinite diversity of composition and properties, polymers can act through a variety of strategies and at different stages of EVs development. Overall, we would like to emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary research involving polymers to address persistent limitations in the field of EVs.

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探索聚合物在克服细胞外囊泡领域持续挑战的作用

细胞外囊泡（EV）是所有真核和原核细胞释放的天然纳米颗粒。虽然电动汽车的作用以前被大大低估，但现在明显被确立为细胞间通讯的关键调解者。因此，这些囊泡构成了基础和应用研究的一个有吸引力的研究课题，具有巨大的潜力，例如作为一类新的生物标志物、无细胞疗法或药物递送系统。然而，EV 的复杂性和生物起源有时使其识别和治疗用途变得复杂。因此，这个快速扩展的研究领域需要新的方法和工具来生产、富集、检测和治疗应用 EV。在这篇综述中，我们试图解释聚合物材料如何积极帮助克服与电动汽车相关的一些限制。事实上，由于其成分和性能的无限多样性，聚合物可以通过多种策略并在电动汽车开发的不同阶段发挥作用。总的来说，我们想强调涉及聚合物的多学科研究的重要性，以解决电动汽车领域持续存在的局限性。