Ecosystems that offer several ecosystem services can be used as green infrastructure for human well-being. In recent years, human activities have substantially engineered ecosystems to produce the desired ecosystem services. However, such efforts could lead to losses of other ecosystem services. Paddy fields are a seminatural ecosystem that can provide several ecosystem services other than rice production. Land consolidation in paddy fields aim to increase the efficiency of food production as a provisioning service, but it could depress the quality of wetland habitat as a supporting service. Recently, the Japanese government aimed to agricultural production with biodiversity conservation. Therefore, prioritizing a control strategy for future land consolidation is needed. Land consolidation work is effective for large areas and may incorporate the paddy field, previously a floodplain wetland that played a crucial role in regional biodiversity. However, land consolidation could result in the loss of this function. In this study, I investigated the spatial overlapping between land consolidation and paddy fields, which were previously natural floodplain wetlands in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Here, terrain parameters and flow accumulation value (FAV), that can reflect wetland potential, along with the latest land use map, were used. The consolidation records in 1-km cell for the whole of Kanagawa prefecture were used to test the hypothesis. Results showed that high FAV area with high wetland potential has large paddy fields and was heavily consolidated. Thus, there is need for drastic policy changes to align both food production and biodiversity in paddy fields in Japan.

中文翻译：

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水田土地整治优先级与漫滩湿地潜力的重叠关系

提供多种生态系统服务的生态系统可以用作人类福祉的绿色基础设施。近年来，人类活动对生态系统进行了重大改造，以产生所需的生态系统服务。然而，此类努力可能会导致其他生态系统服务的损失。稻田是一种半自然生态系统，除了水稻生产外，还可以提供多种生态系统服务。稻田土地整理旨在提高作为供给服务的粮食生产的效率，但它可能会降低作为支持服务的湿地栖息地的质量。近来，日本政府致力于农业生产与生物多样性保护。因此，需要优先考虑未来土地整理的控制策略。土地整理工作对于大面积区域是有效的，可以将稻田纳入其中，稻田以前是洪泛区湿地，在区域生物多样性中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，土地整理可能会导致这一功能的丧失。在这项研究中，我调查了土地整理和稻田之间的空间重叠，这些稻田以前是日本神奈川县的天然洪泛区湿地。这里使用了可以反映湿地潜力的地形参数和流量累积值（FAV）以及最新的土地利用图。使用整个神奈川县 1 公里单元的固结记录来检验该假设。结果表明，具有高湿地潜力的高 FAV 地区拥有大片稻田，并且经过高度加固。因此，需要进行重大政策改变，以协调日本稻田的粮食生产和生物多样性。