Amino acid metabolism in Escherichia coli has long been studied and has established the basis for regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels. In addition to the classical signal transduction cascade involving posttranslational modifications (PTMs), novel PTMs in the two primary nitrogen assimilation pathways have recently been uncovered. The regulon of the master transcriptional regulator NtrC is further expanded by a small RNA derived from the 3´UTR of glutamine synthetase mRNA, which coordinates central carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Furthermore, recent advances in sequencing technologies have revealed the global regulatory networks of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulators, Lrp and GcvB. This review provides an update of the multilayered and interconnected regulatory networks governing amino acid metabolism in E. coli.

大肠杆菌中的氨基酸代谢长期以来一直被研究，并为转录、转录后和翻译后水平的调节机制奠定了基础。除了涉及翻译后修饰(PTM) 的经典信号转导级联之外，最近还发现了两个主要氮同化途径中的新 PTM。主转录调节因子 NtrC 的调节子通过谷氨酰胺合成酶 mRNA 3'UTR 衍生的小 RNA 进一步扩展，协调中心碳和氮代谢。此外，测序技术的最新进展揭示了转录和转录后调节因子 Lrp 和 GcvB 的全球调节网络。本综述提供了控制大肠杆菌氨基酸代谢的多层且相互关联的调控网络的最新信息。