20 years ago, volume nanogratings were discovered in silica glass upon ultrafast laser irradiation. Since then, these extraordinary self-organised and birefringent structures have been observed in a wide range of transparent materials, including crystals and glasses. In the latter, the role of glass composition and chemistry drastically impact the overall nanostructuring, properties, and morphologies of the fabricated nanogratings, but there still is no global understanding of the origin of various observed discrepancies. Consequently, this work aims to provide a materials roadmap to stimulate the development and selection of glass materials for nanogratings imprinting, depending on the final application, and intends to comprehensively pinpoint the differences existing between glasses. A critical overview of the discovery of nanogratings in multicomponent glasses is presented from 2003 to 2023, and general aspects of the nanogratings formation mechanisms are provided. Then, principal nanograting characteristics are collected, summarized, and discussed (e.g., periodicity, nanopore size) along with useful “technical performances” (e.g., nanogratings energy window, maximum retardance, nanogratings power consumption) that are discussed in the light of chemical composition effects. Finally, a summary of the main optical applications based on nanogratings is given, such as birefringent or geometric phase optics, optical data storage, micro/nanofluidic devices, third harmonic generation and optical fiber sensors.

20 年前，超快激光照射下在石英玻璃中发现了体纳米光栅。从那时起，人们在各种透明材料（包括晶体和玻璃）中观察到了这些非凡的自组织和双折射结构。在后者中，玻璃成分和化学的作用极大地影响了所制造的纳米光栅的整体纳米结构、性能和形态，但对于各种观察到的差异的起源仍然没有全面的了解。因此，这项工作旨在提供一个材料路线图，以刺激纳米光栅压印玻璃材料的开发和选择，具体取决于最终应用，并旨在全面查明玻璃之间存在的差异。对 2003 年至 2023 年多组分玻璃中纳米光栅的发现进行了重要概述，并提供了纳米光栅形成机制的一般方面。然后，收集、总结和讨论主要纳米光栅特性（例如，周期性、纳米孔径）以及根据化学成分讨论的有用的“技术性能”（例如，纳米光栅能量窗口、最大延迟、纳米光栅功耗）影响。最后，总结了基于纳米光栅的主要光学应用，例如双折射或几何相位光学、光学数据存储、微/纳流体器件、三次谐波产生和光纤传感器。