The paper presents a probabilistic method based on two methodologies – Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), for evaluating the sustainability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in terms of their costs and CO₂ emissions. The method considers the whole life of a RC structure by taking into account CO₂ initially embodied in its construction materials, the absorption of CO₂ by concrete due to carbonation during the service life of the structure, potential damage to the structure due to carbonation-induced corrosion of reinforcing steel that may require repairs, and relevant costs. Since there are numerous uncertainties associated with the calculation of CO₂ emissions and costs, a probabilistic approach is beneficial. The emphasis is made on RC structures made of the so-called “green concretes”, in which Portland cement is partially replaced with supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag. The issue of a changing climate is also addressed. The method is illustrated by assessing the sustainability of a multi-story RC carpark made of different concrete types at three different locations (London, Paris and Marseille) for present and future climate conditions. This assessment's results show that using green concretes leads to a major reduction in CO₂ emissions and a small decrease in the life-cycle cost of the carpark RC elements. The relative sustainability performance of green concretes slightly improves compared to Portland cement concrete for future climate conditions.

本文提出了一种基于生命周期成本分析（LCCA）和生命周期评估（LCA）两种方法的概率方法，用于评估钢筋混凝土（RC）结构的成本和二氧化碳的可持续性 ₂ 排放。该方法考虑了 RC 结构的整个寿命，考虑了最初包含在其建筑材料中的 CO ₂ ，以及混凝土在使用寿命期间由于碳化而吸收的 CO ₂ 。结构、由于碳化引起的钢筋腐蚀而对结构造成的潜在损坏（可能需要维修）以及相关费用。由于二氧化碳 ₂ 排放量和成本的计算存在许多不确定性，因此概率方法是有益的。重点是由所谓的“绿色混凝土”制成的钢筋混凝土结构，其中波特兰水泥被部分替代为辅助胶凝材料，例如粉煤灰和磨碎的粒状高炉矿渣。气候变化的问题也得到了解决。该方法通过评估三个不同地点（伦敦、巴黎和马赛）由不同混凝土类型制成的多层钢筋混凝土停车场在当前和未来气候条件下的可持续性来说明。该评估结果表明，使用绿色混凝土可大幅减少二氧化碳 ₂ 排放，并小幅降低停车场 RC 元件的生命周期成本。与未来气候条件下的波特兰水泥混凝土相比，绿色混凝土的相对可持续性性能略有改善。