Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes paralysis whose etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Presently it is incurable and rapidly progressive with a survival of 2–5 years from onset, and no treatments could cure it. Therefore, it is urgent to identify which therapeutic target(s) are more promising to develop treatments that could effectively treat ALS. So far, more than 90 novel treatments for ALS patients have been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, of which 23 are in clinical trials, 12 have been terminated and the rest suspended. This review will systematically summarize the possible targets of these novel treatments under development or failing based on published literature and information released by sponsors, so as to provide basis and support for subsequent drug research and development.

肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）是一种导致瘫痪的神经退行性疾病，其病因和发病机制尚未完全阐明。目前，该病无法治愈，且进展迅速，发病后生存期为 2-5 年，且没有任何治疗方法可以治愈。因此，迫切需要确定哪些治疗靶点更有希望开发出有效治疗 ALS 的疗法。到目前为止，已有90多种治疗ALS患者的新疗法在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册，其中23种正在进行临床试验，12种已终止，其余的暂停。本综述将根据已发表的文献和申办者发布的信息，系统总结这些正在开发或失败的新疗法可能的靶点，为后续的药物研发提供依据和支持。