Abstract

Stabilization of charged particles in nonpolar media is one of the most complicated problems in modern colloid chemistry. The attribution to colloid chemistry is absolutely justified in this case: in nonpolar media, charged particles have, as a rule, a supramolecular nature. Low dielectric permittivity of a medium makes the existence of ions in the classical interpretation energetically disadvantageous. The key condition for the presence of charged particles in nonpolar media is their steric stabilization, which requires some revision of the classical concepts of the structure of the electrical double layer, primarily, its diffuse part. Detailed analyzing the structure of the electrical double layer in nonpolar media is of importance because of the high practical significance of electrokinetic phenomena in such systems. This review considers the main models for steric stabilization of charged particles with surfactants in dispersion media having dielectric permittivities lower than 5. The main attention is focused on not only the concentrations corresponding to the formation of reverse micelles, but also on the concentrations below the critical micelle concentration. In addition, nontypical examples of electrokinetic phenomena in organosols are considered.

中文翻译：

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非极性介质中表面活性剂稳定带电粒子的模型

摘要

非极性介质中带电粒子的稳定性是现代胶体化学中最复杂的问题之一。在这种情况下，胶体化学的归因是绝对合理的：在非极性介质中，带电粒子通常具有超分子性质。介质的低介电常数使得经典解释中离子的存在在能量上处于不利地位。非极性介质中存在带电粒子的关键条件是它们的空间稳定性，这需要对双电层结构的经典概念（主要是其扩散部分）进行一些修改。详细分析非极性介质中的双电层结构非常重要，因为此类系统中的动电现象具有很高的实际意义。本综述考虑了介电常数低于 5 的分散介质中表面活性剂带电粒子空间稳定的主要模型。主要注意力不仅集中在与反胶束形成相对应的浓度上，而且还集中在低于临界值的浓度上。胶束浓度。此外，还考虑了有机溶胶中动电现象的非典型例子。