Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disease that manifests before the age of 16 years, following a remitting - relapsing course. The clinical presentation in children is multifaceted, most commonly including constitutional, hematological, cutaneous, renal, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neuropsychiatric manifestations range widely, affecting approximately 14–95 % of jSLE patients. They are associated with high morbidity and mortality, particularly at a younger age. Headaches, seizures, cognitive dysfunction, and mood disorders are the most frequent neuropsychiatric manifestations. The pathophysiological mechanism is quite complex and has not yet been fully investigated, with autoantibodies being the focus of research. The diagnosis of neuropsychiatric jSLE remains challenging and exclusionary. In this article we review the clinical neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with jSLE with the aim that early diagnosis and prompt treatment is achieved in children and adolescents with the disease.

青少年系统性红斑狼疮 (jSLE) 是一种慢性多系统炎症性疾病，在 16 岁之前出现，并经历缓解-复发过程。儿童的临床表现是多方面的，最常见的是体质、血液、皮肤、肾脏和神经精神症状。神经精神症状范围广泛，影响约 14-95% 的 jSLE 患者。它们与高发病率和死亡率相关，特别是在年轻时。头痛、癫痫、认知功能障碍和情绪障碍是最常见的神经精神表现。其病理生理机制相当复杂，尚未得到充分研究，其中自身抗体是研究的重点。神经精神 jSLE 的诊断仍然具有挑战性和排他性。在本文中，我们回顾了与 jSLE 相关的临床神经精神表现，旨在对患有该疾病的儿童和青少年进行早期诊断和及时治疗。