Abstract

This paper analyzes the literature data on the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms. Cytokines are biologically active, hormone-like proteins that regulate a wide range of processes occurring in the body. Cytokines determine the type and duration of the immune response, stimulation or suppression of cell growth, and their differentiation and functional activity. The complex of cytokines produced in the tumor microenvironment play an important role in the pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms. The spectra of biological activities of cytokines in most cases overlap. The same process in a cell can be stimulated by more than one cytokine, creating a favorable environment for the initiation and progression of cancer. The immune system can recognize transformed cells. Various cytokines correspond to specific pathways activated by receptors on the cell surface, which, in turn, induce intracellular signaling cascades that affect targeted cellular functions. Cytokine genes are mutually associated with oncogenes. Cytokines that are released in response to infection or inflammation or in the course of an immune response to an antigen can suppress tumor development. In turn, cytokines that attenuate apoptosis and promote invasion and metastasis promote tumor growth. Cytokines are involved in the initiation, development, and metastasis of malignant neoplasms through various mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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细胞因子在恶性肿瘤发病机制中的作用

摘要

本文对细胞因子在恶性肿瘤发病机制中作用的文献数据进行分析。细胞因子是具有生物活性的激素样蛋白质，可调节体内发生的多种过程。细胞因子决定免疫反应的类型和持续时间、细胞生长的刺激或抑制、以及它们的分化和功能活性。肿瘤微环境中产生的细胞因子复合物在恶性肿瘤的发病机制中发挥着重要作用。在大多数情况下，细胞因子的生物活性谱是重叠的。细胞中的相同过程可以被不止一种细胞因子刺激，从而为癌症的发生和进展创造有利的环境。免疫系统可以识别转化的细胞。各种细胞因子对应于细胞表面受体激活的特定途径，进而诱导细胞内信号级联反应，从而影响目标细胞功能。细胞因子基因与癌基因相互关联。响应感染或炎症或在对抗原的免疫反应过程中释放的细胞因子可以抑制肿瘤的发展。反过来，减弱细胞凋亡、促进侵袭和转移的细胞因子又促进肿瘤生长。细胞因子通过多种机制参与恶性肿瘤的发生、发展和转移。