Plant viruses pose significant threats to agricultural systems, jeopardizing food security worldwide with a growing population. Owing to ineffective chemical interventions, the use of molecular tools to engineer adaptive immunity has emerged as a viable solution. Fortunately, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, known for its ability to induce precise and targeted changes in the plant genome, has expedited the development of virus-resistant crops. CRISPR/Cas technology enables the engineering of plant viral resistance by modifying host factors that are crucial for viral infection (plant-mediated resistance) or by targeting the viral genome itself (virus-mediated resistance). This review explores potential gene targets within both host and viral genomes that have been precisely modified using the CRISPR/Cas system to enhance virus resistance in plants. In addition, this review critically examines the challenges that lie ahead in harnessing the full potential of the CRISPR/Cas system for the production of transgene-free crops capable of exhibiting broad-spectrum resistance against plant viruses.

植物病毒对农业系统构成重大威胁，随着人口的增长，危及全世界的粮食安全。由于化学干预无效，使用分子工具来设计适应性免疫已成为一种可行的解决方案。幸运的是，成簇的规则间隔短回文重复序列 (CRISPR)/CRISPR 相关蛋白 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) 系统以其诱导植物基因组精确和有针对性的变化的能力而闻名，加速了抗病毒作物的开发。CRISPR/Cas技术通过修改对病毒感染至关重要的宿主因子（植物介导的抗性）或通过靶向病毒基因组本身（病毒介导的抗性）来实现植物病毒抗性的工程。这篇综述探讨了宿主和病毒基因组中潜在的基因靶标，这些基因靶标已使用 CRISPR/Cas 系统进行精确修饰，以增强植物的病毒抵抗力。此外，这篇综述还批判性地探讨了利用 CRISPR/Cas 系统的全部潜力来生产能够对植物病毒表现出广谱抗性的非转基因作物所面临的挑战。