Cultivating crops often presents numerous challenges, including resource loss such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides, as well as the spread and escalation of infections. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions to enhance plant immunity and resolve agricultural issues. In this study, in order to prevent Fusarium-wilt disease in eggplants, we concentrated on the simple manufacture of colloidal ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃ NPs) as a promising nanofertilizers. To evaluate the effectiveness of systemic resistance (SR) development, we evaluated markers of metabolic resistance, photosynthetic pigments, plant protection, and disease index (DI). Positively, Fe₂O₃ NPs exhibit significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum. However, when applied at a concentration of 20 µg/mL, Fe₂O₃ NPs proved to be the most effective treatment, reducing the percent disease index (PDI) from 82.5% in infected control plants to 22.5%. Similar results were observed with a concentration of 10 µg/mL Fe₂O₃ NPs. In both healthy and diseaseed plants, Fe₂O₃ NP treatments also showed beneficial effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes, and photosynthetic pigments. Notably, compared to untreated Fusarium-infected plants, the application of Fe₂O₃ NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL significantly increased the levels of osmolyte, comprising soluble sugar, proline, and soluble protein, by 32.88%, 47.09%, and 31.34%, respectively. Furthermore, in both healthy and diseased eggplants, Fe₂O₃ NPs at a concentration of 20 µg/mL increased the levels of photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes. Overall, our research findings indicates that Fe₂O₃ NPs can successfully decreased the harmful effects that F. oxysporum causes to infected eggplants. With their promising therapeutic potential, these nanoparticles provide a secure and effective substitute for chemical fungicides in the management of Fusarium wilt disease.

农作物种植往往面临许多挑战，包括水、化肥和农药等资源损失，以及感染的传播和升级。纳米技术为增强植物免疫力和解决农业问题提供了有前景的解决方案。在这项研究中，为了预防茄子枯萎病，我们专注于简单制造胶体三氧化二铁纳米颗粒（Fe ₂ O ₃ NPs）作为一种有前途的纳米肥料。为了评估系统抗性（SR）发展的有效性，我们评估了代谢抗性、光合色素、植物保护和疾病指数（DI）的标志物。积极的一面是，Fe ₂ O ₃ NPs 对尖孢镰刀菌表现出显着的抗真菌活性。然而，当以 20 µg/mL 的浓度施用时，Fe ₂ O ₃ NP 被证明是最有效的治疗方法，将受感染对照植物的疾病指数 (PDI) 从 82.5% 降低到 22.5%。_{使用浓度为 10 µg/mL Fe 2} O ₃ NP观察到类似的结果。在健康和患病植物中，Fe ₂ O ₃ NP 处理也显示出对抗氧化酶、渗透剂和光合色素活性的有益影响。值得注意的是，与未经处理的镰刀菌感染植物相比，施用浓度为20μg/mL的Fe ₂ O ₃ NPs显着增加了渗透物的水平，包括可溶性糖、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质，分别增加了32.88%、47.09%、和 31.34%。此外，在健康和患病的茄子中，浓度为20 µg/mL的Fe ₂ O _{3 NPs增加了光合色素、渗透剂、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的水平。}总体而言，我们的研究结果表明 Fe ₂ O _{3 NP 可以成功减少}尖孢镰刀菌对受感染茄子的有害影响。这些纳米粒子具有广阔的治疗潜力，为防治镰刀菌枯萎病提供了化学杀菌剂的安全有效的替代品。