The lag in quantitative methods and detection techniques for geologic information has resulted in time-consuming and human-experienced geologic analysis in tunnels. Geochemical indicators of rocks can be used to identify adverse geology and to explain the intrinsic causes of damage to normal rocks. This study proposes a method to identify adverse geology by extracting and imaging the indicator elements. The mapping relationship between rock components and geologic bodies is quickly determined by indicator element extraction based on factor analysis, and then the data are gridded for image output. The location and size of the target adverse geology are visually identified through the distribution images of the indicator elements, thus reducing data dimensions and analysis time. A non-destructive, in-situ and fast element detection technique in tunnels was adopted to speed up the process of geology identification. The accuracy of the detection was validated by comparing field and laboratory test results. This study further confirms and refines the previous research, and the results provide references for geological, mining and underground projects.

地质信息定量方法和检测技术的滞后导致隧道地质分析耗时且需要人工经验。岩石的地球化学指标可用于识别不良地质并解释正常岩石损坏的内在原因。本研究提出了一种通过提取和成像指示元素来识别不良地质的方法。基于因子分析的指标元素提取，快速确定岩石成分与地质体的映射关系，然后将数据网格化进行图像输出。通过指标元素的分布图像直观地识别目标不良地质的位置和大小，从而减少数据维度和分析时间。采用隧道内无损原位快速元素检测技术，加快地质识别进程。通过比较现场和实验室测试结果来验证检测的准确性。本研究进一步证实和完善了前人的研究成果，其研究成果为地质、矿山及地下工程提供参考。