Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant threat to public health, and one of the primary goals of the EndTB Strategy is the development of non-sputum-based diagnostics. Among the available innovative methods, biosensor technology for detecting (MTB) stands out due to its potential to offer point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, leading to a revolutionary shift in the medical field. In recent years, several biosensor have been developed for detection of MTB, including the lateral flow, optical-based, and plasmonic fiber-optical type. However, cell-based type has proven to be the most enduring due to its ability to directly detect biochemical effects using living cell and convert the effects into digital electrical signals with sensors or transducers. Compared to molecule-based methods, it has a broad spectrum of detection capabilities. Several studies have also shown that it offers distinct advantages for analyte sensing and detection, providing rapid and sensitive analysis for in situ monitoring with cell. One prominent example is the potential use of Lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a component of MTB, as a biomarker for diagnostic tests, particularly in urine samples. LAM is a promising candidate for the development of POC diagnostic test. To develop cell-based biosensor for urine LAM detection, several critical components must be carefully considered. These include selecting an appropriate host cell, choosing suitable reporter genes, constructing cell-based biosensor, and ensuring proper sample preparation methods. Biosensor has been reported to have several limitations in terms of stability, specialized sensor design, and the longevity of cell.

中文翻译：

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开发用于检测尿液分枝杆菌脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖的细胞生物传感器的机遇和挑战

结核病 (TB) 仍然对公众健康构成重大威胁，终结结核病战略的主要目标之一是开发非痰诊断方法。在可用的创新方法中，用于检测的生物传感器技术（MTB）因其提供即时护理（POC）诊断的潜力而脱颖而出，从而引发了医疗领域的革命性转变。近年来，已经开发了多种用于检测 MTB 的生物传感器，包括侧流式、光学式和等离子体光纤式。然而，基于细胞的类型已被证明是最持久的，因为它能够使用活细胞直接检测生化效应，并使用传感器或换能器将效应转换为数字电信号。与基于分子的方法相比，它具有广泛的检测能力。多项研究还表明，它为分析物传感和检测提供了独特的优势，为细胞原位监测提供快速、灵敏的分析。一个突出的例子是脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖 (LAM)（MTB 的一种成分）的潜在用途，作为诊断测试的生物标志物，特别是在尿液样本中。 LAM 是开发 POC 诊断测试的有希望的候选者。为了开发用于尿液 LAM 检测的细胞生物传感器，必须仔细考虑几个关键组件。这些包括选择合适的宿主细胞、选择合适的报告基因、构建基于细胞的生物传感器以及确保正确的样品制备方法。据报道，生物传感器在稳定性、专门的传感器设计和细胞寿命方面存在一些局限性。