The identification of organic and inorganic components used to produce homemade explosives (HMEs) remains a challenge for forensic analysts due to their diverse physicochemical properties that require different instrumentation. This study aims to explore the combined use of Direct Analysis in Real Time-Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) and Raman microscopy to provide a rapid and reliable analysis of a variety of intact explosives with minimal sample preparation, including 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), seven inorganic oxidizing salts, and five smokeless powder constituents. While both techniques showed to be well-suited for the analysis of TNT and PETN, DART-MS showed to have the advantage of being more sensitive compared to Raman spectroscopy for the identification of the organic components contained in smokeless powder. Even though the identification of ammonium-based salts using DART-MS could be achieved, the analysis of compounds with a low-volatility, such as the inorganic oxidizing salts, was more straightforward with Raman microscopy and required no sample preparation. This study demonstrates the benefits and limitations of combining Raman microscopy and DART-MS for the analysis of intact explosives and precursors. Using this combined approach allowed the rapid identification of various organic and inorganic explosives and precursors with minimal sample preparation.

用于生产自制炸药 (HME) 的有机和无机成分的鉴定对于法医分析人员来说仍然是一个挑战，因为它们具有不同的物理化学性质，需要不同的仪器。本研究旨在探索实时质谱直接分析 (DART-MS) 和拉曼显微镜的结合使用，以最少的样品制备对各种完整爆炸物进行快速可靠的分析，包括 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯 (TNT)、季戊四醇四硝酸酯 (PETN)、七种无机氧化盐和五种无烟火药成分。虽然这两种技术都非常适合 TNT 和 PETN 的分析，但 DART-MS 具有比拉曼光谱更灵敏的优势，可用于识别无烟火药中所含的有机成分。尽管可以使用 DART-MS 鉴定铵基盐，但使用拉曼显微镜分析低挥发性化合物（例如无机氧化盐）更加简单，并且不需要样品制备。这项研究证明了将拉曼显微镜和 DART-MS 结合起来分析完整的炸药和前体的优点和局限性。使用这种组合方法可以以最少的样品制备快速鉴定各种有机和无机爆炸物和前体。