Hepatocytes can switch their metabolic processes in response to nutrient availability. However, the dynamics of metabolites (such as lactate, pyruvate, and ATP) in hepatocytes during the metabolic switch remain unknown. In this study, we visualized metabolite dynamics in primary cultured hepatocytes during recovery from glucose-deprivation. We observed a decrease in the mitochondrial ATP concentration when glucose was administered to hepatocytes under glucose-deprivation conditions. In contrast, there was slight change in the cytoplasmic ATP concentration. A decrease in mitochondrial ATP concentration was associated with increased protein synthesis rather than glycogen synthesis, activation of urea cycle, and production of reactive oxygen species. These results suggest that mitochondrial ATP is important in switching metabolic processes in the hepatocytes.

中文翻译：

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给予葡萄糖剥夺的肝细胞后，线粒体 ATP 浓度立即降低

肝细胞可以根据营养的可用性来改变其代谢过程。然而，代谢转换期间肝细胞中代谢物（如乳酸、丙酮酸和 ATP）的动态仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们观察了原代培养的肝细胞在葡萄糖剥夺恢复过程中的代谢动态。我们观察到，在葡萄糖剥夺条件下向肝细胞施用葡萄糖时，线粒体 ATP 浓度降低。相反，细胞质 ATP 浓度略有变化。线粒体 ATP 浓度的降低与蛋白质合成的增加（而不是糖原合成）、尿素循环的激活和活性氧的产生有关。这些结果表明线粒体 ATP 在肝细胞代谢过程的切换中很重要。