Background

The vectocardiogram (VCG) offers a three-dimensional view of the heart's electrical activity, yet many VCG parameters remain unexplored in diverse clinical contexts.

Objectives

This study aims to explore the relationships between various VCG parameters and specific patient characteristics.

Methods

ECG signals from adults were transformed into VCGs utilizing the Kors matrix, yielding 315 parameters per patient from the P, QRS and T loops. Univariable analysis, circular statistics, and stepwise logistic regression were employed to examine the relationships between VCG parameters and factors such as age, sex, BMI, hypertension, echocardiographic ischemic heart disease (Echo-IHD), and left ventricular hypertrophy (Echo-LVH).

Results

We included 664 adults and considered an alpha value of 0.05 and a power of 90%. The study revealed significant associations, such as age with P loop roundness index (RI) (OR = 3.825, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 2.079–7.04), male sex with QRS loop RI (OR = 6.08, 95%CI = 1.835–20.153), abnormal BMI with the T loop's RI (OR = 0.544, 95%CI = 0.325–0.909), hypertension with the T loop planarity index (PI) (OR = 8.01, 95%CI = 2.134–30.117), Echo-IHD with QRS loop curvature at the 4/10th segment (OR = 7.58, 95%CI = 1.954–29.458), and Echo-LVH with the T loop lag-1/10 dihedral angle (OR = 10.3, 95%CI = 1.822–58.101). In the study, several additional VCG parameters demonstrated statistically significant, albeit smaller, associations with patient demographics and cardiovascular conditions.

Conclusions

The findings enhance our understanding of the intricate relationships between VCG parameters and patient characteristics, emphasizing the potential role of VCG analysis in assessing cardiovascular diseases. These insights may guide future research and clinical applications in cardiology.

中文翻译：

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探索心向量图：跨年龄、性别、BMI 和心脏状况的广泛心向量图分析

背景

心电图 (VCG) 提供了心脏电活动的三维视图，但许多 VCG 参数在不同的临床环境中仍未得到探索。

目标

本研究旨在探讨各种 VCG 参数与特定患者特征之间的关系。

方法

利用 Kors 矩阵将成人的心电图信号转换为 VCG，从 P、QRS 和 T 环中为每位患者生成 315 个参数。采用单变量分析、循环统计和逐步Logistic回归分析VCG参数与年龄、性别、BMI、高血压、超声心动图缺血性心脏病

结果

我们纳入了 664 名成年人，并考虑 alpha 值为 0.05，功效为 90%。该研究揭示了显着的关联，例如年龄与 P 环圆度指数 (RI)（OR = 3.825，95% 置信区间 [95%CI] = 2.079–7.04）、男性与 QRS 环 RI（OR = 6.08，95%） CI = 1.835–20.153)，BMI 异常与 T 环 RI (OR = 0.544，95% CI = 0.325–0.909)，高血压与 T 环平面指数 (PI) (OR = 8.01，95% CI = 2.134–30.117)，Echo-IHD 在第 4/10 段具有 QRS 环曲率 (OR = 7.58，95%CI = 1.954–29.458)，以及具有 T 环滞后 1/10 二面角的 Echo-LVH (OR = 10.3，95% CI = 1.822–58.101）。在这项研究中，几个额外的 VCG 参数显示出与患者人口统计和心血管状况的相关性，尽管较小，但具有统计学意义。

结论

这些发现增强了我们对 VCG 参数与患者特征之间复杂关系的理解，强调了 VCG 分析在评估心血管疾病中的潜在作用。这些见解可能会指导心脏病学的未来研究和临床应用。