There is currently great interest in increasing the total land area in ‘conservation’ by the year 2030 to stabilize biodiversity and reduce net carbon emissions to combat climate change; however, there remains a lack of clarity on what actually constitutes ‘conservation.’ Land placed into permanent protection from resource utilization falls under the category of land preservation (e.g. National Parks) where land ‘conservation’ can include resource utilization to meet human resource needs. Land ‘preservation’ is an effective means of protecting habitat, but isolation of preserved parcels can limit their effectiveness. The trade-off between land preservation and conservation requires that we consider land use strategies in a global context and as complementary of one another. Most assessments for increasing land conservation are based on vegetative and wildlife inventory, where far fewer assessments are based on soils or belowground accounting. Herein, we present a soil based perspective that could be useful in evaluating the capacity for different land management strategies to meet broader conservation goals, including 30 by 30 and provide a focus on forest management to demonstrate our approach. Our soils-based assessment of different land-use practices suggests that land management practices that cause minimal soil disturbance, generate minimal bare soil, and exhibit a dominance of native species would be effective at achieving meaningful land conservation benefits while continuing to meet human resource needs. Incentivizing conservation oriented land management practices could dramatically accelerate our ability to achieve large scale conservation objectives such as 30 by 30.

中文翻译：

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自下而上的保护：林业案例研究

目前人们对到 2030 年增加“保护”土地总面积有很大兴趣，以稳定生物多样性并减少净碳排放，以应对气候变化；然而，对于“保护”的真正含义仍然缺乏明确性。受到永久保护以防止资源利用的土地属于土地保护类别（例如国家公园），其中土地“保护”可以包括资源利用以满足人力资源需求。土地“保护”是保护栖息地的有效手段，但隔离保存的土地可能会限制其有效性。土地保护和保护之间的权衡要求我们在全球背景下考虑土地利用战略并相互补充。大多数加强土地保护的评估都是基于植被和野生动物清单，而基于土壤或地下核算的评估要少得多。在此，我们提出了基于土壤的视角，可用于评估不同土地管理策略的能力，以实现更广泛的保护目标（包括 30 x 30），并重点关注森林管理以展示我们的方法。我们对不同土地利用做法进行的基于土壤的评估表明，对土壤扰动最小、裸露土壤最少并表现出本地物种优势的土地管理做法将有效实现有意义的土地保护效益，同时继续满足人力资源需求。激励以保护为导向的土地管理实践可以极大地提高我们实现大规模保护目标的能力，例如 30 x 30。