Following the principles of dynamic equilibrium theory (DET), this study examined the stable (institutional) and dynamic (episodic) components of mistreatment [experienced incivility and perpetrated counterproductive work behaviours (CWB)] using two longitudinal field samples based on a latent trait–state modelling approach. Study 1 (N = 615) leveraged a weekly lag design over four assessment points and Study 2 (N = 880) leveraged a monthly lag design over five assessment points. Across the two studies, results indicated that the majority of variance in both mistreatment constructs was institutional (i.e., individuals have meaningful set points that persist over time). Furthermore, institutional experienced incivility was positively related to institutional perpetrated CWB (i.e., the set point for experiencing incivility was positively related to the set point for perpetrating CWB). Similarly, episodic experienced incivility was concurrently associated with episodic perpetrated CWB (i.e., atypical episodes of experienced incivility were concurrently related to atypical episodes of perpetrated CWB). Interestingly, episodic experienced incivility did not have a lagged effect on future episodic perpetrated CWB, while episodic perpetrated CWB did have a lagged effect on future episodic experienced incivility. As such, for minor atypical episodes of mistreatment (i.e., incivility), we found evidence of dynamic equilibrium in that there are immediate episodic changes in other forms of mistreatment, but internal adaptive mechanisms appear to neutralize these effects over time. Meanwhile, overt atypical episodes of mistreatment (i.e., CWB) appear to have both immediate and lasting effects on other forms of mistreatment. These results have implications for DET, as well as for predicting the effectiveness of mistreatment research methodologies and interventions.

中文翻译：

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对经历过的不文明行为和实施适得其反的工作行为的时间调查


遵循动态平衡理论（DET）的原则，本研究使用基于潜在特征的两个纵向现场样本，研究了虐待的稳定（制度）和动态（偶发性）组成部分[经历过的不文明行为和实施适得其反的工作行为（CWB）]状态建模方法。研究 1 (N = 615) 在四个评估点上利用了每周滞后设计，研究 2 (N = 880) 在五个评估点上利用了每月滞后设计。在这两项研究中，结果表明，两种虐待结构的大部分差异都是制度性的（即，个人具有随着时间的推移而持续存在的有意义的设定点）。此外，机构所经历的不文明行为与机构实施的 CWB 正相关（即，经历不文明行为的设定点与实施 CWB 的设定点正相关）。同样，经历过的不文明行为与偶发性 CWB 同时相关（即，经历过的不文明行为的非典型发作同时与实施 CWB 的非典型发作相关）。有趣的是，情景性的不文明行为对未来的情景性 CWB 没有滞后效应，而情景性的 CWB 确实对未来情景性的不文明行为有滞后效应。因此，对于轻微的非典型虐待事件（即不文明行为），我们发现了动态平衡的证据，因为其他形式的虐待会立即发生偶发性变化，但随着时间的推移，内部适应机制似乎会抵消这些影响。与此同时，明显的非典型虐待事件（即 CWB）似乎对其他形式的虐待具有直接和持久的影响。 这些结果对 DET 以及预测虐待研究方法和干预措施的有效性具有影响。