Purpose

In this research, the initial list of internal capabilities in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) leading to success in international markets has been extracted. Then, the most relevant capabilities to international SMEs under servitisation and hybrid offerings have been screened. Next, the selected capabilities have been classified, and ultimately the relationship amongst the capabilities has been analysed. The conceptual model for SMEs participating in international markets with hybrid offerings has been illustrated.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review has been employed to extract the initial list of internal capabilities to address the research objectives. Then, a novel hesitant fuzzy Delphi (HFD) method has been developed to select the most relevant capabilities for SMEs for hybrid offerings in international markets by using the experts opinions. Subsequently, a novel hesitant fuzzy interpretive structural modelling (HFISM) has been developed to classify the capabilities, design a level-based conceptual model and present the relationship amongst the prominent capabilities.

Findings

After the literature review, sixteen internal capabilities leading to success in the international market via hybrid offerings have been extracted. Then, eight selected capabilities were chosen for further investigation by applying 15 expert opinions and via the HFD approach. According to HFISM results, a level-based conceptual model was emanated, and “ability to take advantage of international opportunities”, “financial strength”, “technology level” and “efficient innovation management” were considered as the most fundamental capabilities resulting in successful hybrid offerings in international markets.

Originality/value

Alongside the multi-layer decision-making approach developed in this manuscript to analyse the internal capabilities roles in hybrid offering success towards international markets, to the best knowledge of the authors, the hesitant fuzzy approaches developed in this article have not been previously presented by any other scholar. A novel HFD approach has been designed for consensus amongst the experts under uncertain circumstances. Furthermore, a novel HFISM has been suggested and employed in this research to comprehend the relationship amongst the internal capabilities.

中文翻译：

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小型国际化企业的混合业务产品：通过犹豫的模糊信息对内部能力进行混合方法分析

 目的

在这项研究中，我们提取了中小企业 (SME) 在国际市场取得成功的内部能力的初步清单。然后，筛选出与国际中小企业最相关的服务化和混合产品能力。接下来，对所选择的能力进行分类，并最终分析能力之间的关系。阐述了中小企业通过混合产品参与国际市场的概念模型。

设计/方法论/途径

通过文献综述来提取解决研究目标的内部能力的初始列表。然后，开发了一种新颖的犹豫模糊德尔菲（HFD）方法，根据专家的意见，为中小企业在国际市场上的混合产品中选择最相关的能力。随后，开发了一种新颖的犹豫模糊解释结构模型（HFISM）来对功能进行分类，设计基于级别的概念模型并呈现突出功能之间的关系。

 发现

经过文献综述后，我们提取了 16 种通过混合产品在国际市场取得成功的内部能力。然后，通过应用 15 名专家意见并通过 HFD 方法，选择了 8 种选定的功能进行进一步调查。根据HFISM的结果，提出了基于层次的概念模型，将“利用国际机遇的能力”、“资金实力”、“技术水平”和“高效的创新管理”视为成功的最根本能力。国际市场上的混合产品。

 原创性/价值

除了本文中开发的多层决策方法来分析混合产品在国际市场成功中的内部能力作用之外，据作者所知，本文中开发的犹豫模糊方法以前从未被任何人提出过。其他学者。一种新颖的 HFD 方法旨在让专家在不确定的情况下达成共识。此外，本研究还提出并采用了一种新颖的 HFISM 来理解内部能力之间的关系。