This paper reviews the research on the FAO56 single and basal crop coefficients of fruit trees and vines performed over the past twenty-five years and focus on Mediterranean and warm temperate trees and vines. Two companion papers (López-Urrea et al., (2023) Single and basal crop coefficients for estimation of water use of tree and vine woody crops with consideration of fraction of ground cover, height, and training system for temperate climate fruit crops. Irrig Sci (submitted); Paredes et al. (2023) Single and basal crop coefficients for estimation of water use of tree and vine woody crops with consideration of fraction of ground cover, height, and training system for tropical and subtropical fruit crops. Irrig Sci (submitted)) are dedicated, respectively, to Temperate and to Tropical and Subtropical trees and vines. The main objective of the paper is to update available information on single (K_c) and basal (K_cb) standard crop coefficients, and to provide for updating and completing the FAO56 tabulated K_c and K_cb. The K_c is the ratio between non-stressed crop evapotranspiration (ET_c) and the grass reference evapotranspiration (ET_o), while K_cb is the ratio between crop transpiration (T_c) and ET_o. The selection and analysis of the literature were performed considering only studies that adhere to the FAO56 method, thus computing ET_o with the FAO Penman–Monteith ET_o equation, the ASCE grass ET_o, or another equation that could be properly related with the former, and ET_c, or T_c, was obtained using properly accurate field measurements on crops under pristine or eustress conditions. The crops considered refer to Mediterranean (grapes and olive) and warm temperate areas (avocado, citrus, persimmon, loquat, and tea) fruit and leaf crops. Papers satisfying the above conditions were selected to provide for standard K_c and K_cb data. Preferably, studies should report on the crop cultivar and rootstock, planting density or plant spacing, fraction of ground cover (f_c), crop height (h), crop age and training systems. Additional information was collected on pruning and irrigation method and strategy. The ranges of reported K_c and K_cb values were grouped according to crop density in relation with f_c, h, and the training system, namely vase, hedgerow, or trellis systems. Literature collected K_c or K_cb values were compared with previously tabulated K_c and K_cb values, namely in FAO56, to define the standard K_c and K_cb values for the referred selected crops. The tabulated values are, therefore, transferable to other locations and aimed for use in crop water requirement computations and modeling, mainly for irrigation planning and scheduling, and for supporting improved water use and saving in orchards and vineyards.

本文回顾了过去25年来对FAO56果树和藤本植物单一作物系数和基础作物系数的研究，重点关注地中海和暖温带树木和藤本植物。两篇配套论文（López-Urrea 等人，(2023) 用于估计树木和藤本木本作物用水量的单一作物系数和基础作物系数，考虑温带气候水果作物的地被覆盖比例、高度和培训系统。灌溉Sci（已提交）；Paredes 等人 (2023) 用于估算树木和藤本木本作物用水量的单一作物系数和基础作物系数，考虑热带和亚热带水果作物的地被覆盖比例、高度和训练系统。 （已提交））分别致力于温带、热带和亚热带树木和藤本植物。本文的主要目标是更新有关单一 (K _c ) 和基础 (K _cb ) 标准作物系数的现有信息，并为更新和完成 FAO56 表格 K _c 和 K _cb. K _c 是非胁迫作物蒸散量 (ET _c ) 与草参考蒸散量 ( ET _o ），而 K _cb 是作物蒸腾量（T _c ）与 ET _o 之间的比率。文献的选择和分析仅考虑遵循FAO56方法的研究，因此用FAO Penman-Monteith ET _o 方程计算ET _o ，ASCE草ET < b12> 或另一个可以与前者正确相关的方程，而 ET _c 或 T _c 是通过对原始作物​​进行适当准确的田间测量而获得的或良应激条件。 考虑的作物是指地中海地区（葡萄和橄榄）和暖温带地区（鳄梨、柑橘、柿子、枇杷和茶叶）水果和叶类作物。选择满足上述条件的论文提供标准的K _c 和K _cb 数据。优选地，研究应报告作物品种和砧木、种植密度或植物间距、地被覆盖率（f _c ）、作物高度（h）、作物年龄和培养系统。收集了有关修剪和灌溉方法和策略的更多信息。报告的 K _c 和 K _cb 值的范围根据与 f _c, h 相关的作物密度和训练系统（即花瓶、树篱）进行分组，或格子系统。将文献收集的 K _c 或 K _cb 值与之前列出的 K _c 和 K _cb 值（即在 FAO56 中）进行比较，以定义所选作物的标准 K _c 和 K _cb 值。因此，表格中的值可以转移到其他地点，旨在用于农作物需水量计算和建模，主要用于灌溉规划和调度，以及支持改善果园和葡萄园的用水和节约用水。