The collection of Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. (castanha-da-Amazônia; Brazil nuts) seeds make up part of the everyday activities of the traditional populations that have inhabited all of the Amazon basin since remote times. Nonetheless, knowledge about these harvesting activities in native forest areas has not been well documented. The present study was designed to better understand the significance of this harvesting activity as well as the traditional ecological knowledge of the harvesters. Utilizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas para a coleta de dados com extrativistas de castanha, moradores de Caroebe, Roraima (n = 18) durante o período de março de 2021 a março de 2022. The data analysis was based on the frequency of responses to socio-economic questions and their knowledge about that plant species as well as why those interviewees chose that line of work. We also adopted the Spearman and Mann–Whitney non-parametric tests to correlate variables identified in the study, and selected sections of their depositions to highlight the traditional knowledge of the interviewees and their experiences as harvesters. Constatamos que as razões para a escolha do trabalho com o extrativismo para todos os entrevistados é a necessidade de renda complementar, tradição familiar (55%), the sense of well-being provided by contact with the natural environment (25%), and a favorable disposition toward that type of work (11%). Harvesting involves collective work, and many of the interviewees had engaged in those efforts to help their families since their childhood or adolescence. The older harvesters cited more animal species that consumed the Brazil nuts (ρ = 0.60; p = 0.009) and perceived more and greater changes in the environment that were prejudicial to the Brazil nut trees (U = 9.50; p = 0.022). The interviewees who reported lower incomes cited more significant cultural changes and more suggestions concerning conservation activities. According to their statements, deforestation, and the burning and illegal cutting of native trees, including Brazil nut trees, have contributed to environmental change in the region and raised significant concerns about the future of harvesting activities. The activities of the “nut-crackers” represent to them more than just a simple source of income, as harvesting provides them with a connection to nature that promotes their well-being and cultural heritage. The nut harvesters have gained specific knowledge concerning both environmental and cultural changes. Those changes have mainly come about through the expansion of agricultural activities and the felling of native forests—which are the main threats to the future of Brazil nut extraction. Attributing value to the folk knowledge of those harvesters would strengthen the local economy, promote forest conservation, and help to better understand the impacts of anthropic activities on the forest and the harvesting of natural products.

中文翻译：

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收获 Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl。亚马逊西部农村社区：当地生态知识和“胡桃夹子”的意义


Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl 的收藏。 （castanha-da-Amazônia；巴西坚果）种子是自古以来就居住在整个亚马逊流域的传统人群日常活动的一部分。尽管如此，有关原生林地区这些采伐活动的知识尚未得到充分记录。本研究旨在更好地了解这种收割活动的意义以及收割者的传统生态知识。在 2021 年 3 月和 2022 年 3 月期间，Utilizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas para a coleta de bados com extrativistas de castanha、moradores de Caroebe、Roraima (n = 18)。数据分析基于对社会经济问题的回答频率以及他们对该植物物种的了解以及受访者选择该工作的原因。我们还采用了斯皮尔曼和曼-惠特尼非参数检验来关联研究中确定的变量，并选择他们的证词部分来强调受访者的传统知识和他们作为收割者的经验。 Constatamos que as razões para a escolha do trabalho com o extrativismo para todos os entrevistados é a necessidade de rendapplementar,传统（55%），与自然环境接触所带来的幸福感（25%），以及对此类工作的好感度（11%）。收割涉及集体劳动，许多受访者从童年或青少年时期就开始从事这些工作来帮助家人。较老的收割机引用了更多消耗巴西坚果的动物物种（ρ = 0.60；p = 0.009），并感知到不利于巴西坚果树的环境变化越来越多（U = 9.0）。50； p = 0.022)。收入较低的受访者提到了更重大的文化变化和更多有关保护活动的建议。根据他们的声明，森林砍伐以及焚烧和非法砍伐包括巴西坚果树在内的本土树木，导致了该地区的环境变化，并引发了人们对未来采伐活动的严重担忧。 “胡桃夹子”的活动对他们来说不仅仅是一种简单的收入来源，因为收获为他们提供了与自然的联系，从而促进了他们的福祉和文化遗产。坚果收割者获得了有关环境和文化变化的具体知识。这些变化主要是通过农业活动的扩张和原生森林的砍伐造成的——这是巴西坚果开采未来的主要威胁。赋予这些采伐者的民间知识价值将增强当地经济，促进森林保护，并有助于更好地了解人类活动对森林和天然产品采伐的影响。