Chlamydia trachomatis is a common cause of sexually transmitted infections in humans with devastating sequelae. Understanding of disease on all scales, from molecular details to the immunology underlying pathology, is essential for identifying new ways of preventing and treating chlamydia. Infection models of various complexity are essential to understand all aspects of chlamydia pathogenesis. Cell culture systems allow for research into molecular details of infection, including characterization of the unique biphasic Chlamydia developmental cycle and the role of type-III-secreted effectors in modifying the host environment to allow for infection. Multicell type and organoid culture provide means to investigate how cells other than the infected cells contribute to the control of infection. Emerging comprehensive three-dimensional biomimetic systems may fill an important gap in current models to provide information on complex phenotypes that cannot be modeled in simpler in vitro models.

沙眼衣原体是人类性传播感染的常见原因，具有毁灭性的后遗症。从分子细节到病理学基础的免疫学，对疾病的各个层面的了解对于确定预防和治疗衣原体的新方法至关重要。各种复杂的感染模型对于了解衣原体发病机制的各个方面至关重要。细胞培养系统可以研究感染的分子细节，包括独特的双相衣原体发育周期的表征以及 III 型分泌效应器在改变宿主环境以允许感染中的作用。多细胞类型和类器官培养提供了研究除感染细胞之外的细胞如何有助于控制感染的方法。新兴的综合三维仿生系统可能会填补当前模型中的一个重要空白，以提供无法在更简单的体外模型中建模的复杂表型的信息。