Urban green spaces (UGS) are a cost-effective solution to overcome various problems faced by cities worldwide, such as air pollution, urban microclimate change, and pressure in urban life by providing diverse ecosystem services (ESS). Green space planning is increasingly focused on increasing UGS in cities. However, these strategies may not receive widespread public support because managers’ expected values and people's perceptions may not be the same. Therefore, this study aims to investigate public awareness of ESS provided by UGS, the relationships between UGS and ESS and ESS with each other, as well as the influences of sociodemographic characteristics on people’s perceptions in Bangkok metropolis. The research findings revealed highly consistent perceptions of different UGS, especially for public parks and residential gardens, against rooftops and household gardens. These are also the UGS generating the most diverse ESS, especially regulating and cultural ESS. Air quality regulating services (CO₂ absorption, air pollutant purification, and temperature reduction) and cultural services (spiritual values, aesthetics, and health improvement) are the most crucial ESS of UGS perceived by entire urban residents. This research also reveals that cognitive differences come from differences in demographic characteristics. People with lower awareness of UGS and ESS are often low-income and younger, who frequently live far from UGS leading to low accessibility to UGS. The research also draws critical implications regarding UGS categories, ecosystem services and disservices of interest, and the population groups that need to be encouraged during the greening campaigns. This will be important information for the city government to achieve successful implementation of the “Green Bangkok 2030” project, which aims to further improve UGS and quality of life.

城市绿地（UGS）是一种经济高效的解决方案，通过提供多样化的生态系统服务（ESS）来克服全球城市面临的各种问题，例如空气污染、城市微气候变化和城市生活压力。绿地规划越来越注重增加城市的地下储量。然而，这些策略可能不会得到公众的广泛支持，因为管理者的预期价值观和人们的看法可能并不相同。因此，本研究旨在调查曼谷大都市中公众对UGS提供的ESS的认知、UGS与ESS以及ESS之间的关系，以及社会人口特征对人们认知的影响。研究结果揭示了对不同地下储层的看法高度一致，特别是对于公园和住宅花园，与屋顶和家庭花园。这些也是产生最多样化 ESS 的 UGS，尤其是监管和文化 ESS。空气质量调节服务（CO ₂ 吸收、空气污染物净化、降温）和文化服务（精神价值、审美、健康改善）是整个城市居民感知的UGS最重要的ESS。这项研究还揭示了认知差异来自人口特征的差异。对 UGS 和 ESS 认识较低的人通常是低收入且年轻的人，他们经常居住在远离 UGS 的地方，导致 UGS 的可及性较低。该研究还得出了有关地下储气库类别、生态系统服务和利益损害以及绿化运动期间需要鼓励的人口群体的重要影响。 这对于市政府成功实施“绿色曼谷2030”项目至关重要，该项目旨在进一步改善UGS和生活质量。