Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder that mainly affects the skin, with an estimated global prevalence of 2–3%. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin capable of promoting or suppressing the progression of infectious and immune-mediated diseases. Here, we determined if the expression of Gal-9 is observed in psoriasis. Gal-9 levels were measured in plasma of psoriasis (n = 62) and healthy control (HC) (n = 31) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, skin samples from seven patients were screened for RNA transcriptomes and the expression of Gal-9 was compared with inflammatory, immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) and Foxp3. The plasma Gal-9 levels in patients with psoriasis were significantly higher (841 pg/mL) than in HCs (617 pg/mL) (P < 0.0001) and were associated with white blood cell numbers, eosinophils (%) and alanine transaminase. The levels of inflammatory molecules IL-36B, IL-17RA, IL-6R, IL-10, IRF8, TGFb1, and IL-37, and those of ICMs of Tim-3, CTLA-4, CD86, CD80, PD-1LG2, CLEC4G, and Foxp3 were significantly correlated with Gal-9 (LGALS9) in skin. However, HMGB1, CD44, CEACAM1 and PDL1—known to be associated with a variety of Gal-9 biological functions were not correlated with LGALS9. Thus, it is likely that Gal-9 expression affects the disease state of PS.

牛皮癣是一种慢性免疫介导疾病，主要影响皮肤，估计全球患病率为 2-3%。Galectin-9 (Gal-9) 是一种 β-半乳糖苷结合凝集素，能够促进或抑制传染病和免疫介导疾病的进展。在这里，我们确定了牛皮癣中是否观察到 Gal-9 的表达。使用酶联免疫吸附测定法测量银屑病患者 (n = 62) 和健康对照 (HC) (n = 31) 血浆中的 Gal-9 水平。此外，还对 7 名患者的皮肤样本进行了 RNA 转录组筛查，并将 Gal-9 的表达与炎症、免疫检查点分子 (ICM) 和 Foxp3 进行了比较。银屑病患者血浆 Gal-9 水平 (841 pg/mL) 显着高于 HC 患者 (617 pg/mL) (P < 0.0001)，并且与白细胞数、嗜酸性粒细胞 (%) 和丙氨酸转氨酶相关。炎症分子IL-36B、IL-17RA、IL-6R、IL-10、IRF8、TGFb1、IL-37的水平以及Tim-3、CTLA-4、CD86、CD80、PD-1LG2的ICM水平、CLEC4G 和 Foxp3 与皮肤中的 Gal-9 (LGALS9) 显着相关。然而，已知与多种 Gal-9 生物学功能相关的 HMGB1、CD44、CEACAM1 和 PDL1 与 LGALS9 无关。因此，Gal-9 表达可能影响 PS 的疾病状态。