Apple cultivation is one of the main pome rosacea crops in the world with a very large annual production. However, postharvest diseases cause significant losses in apple-producing countries. This review aims to describe postharvest diseases of apples, highlight their economic damage, and demonstrate the importance of controlling these fungal diseases using alternative methods to synthetic fungicides. While various synthetic fungicides from diverse chemical families have been tested to curb pathogens in stored apples, their effectiveness remains uncertain given the emerging resistance in fungal strains. As a result, industry stakeholders are exploring biological solutions to this pressing challenge. In this context, alternative methods, using antagonistic microorganisms, bioactive compounds of plant extracts and essential oils, additives, salts, and the combination of several treatments, are promising alternatives to reduce the economic damage caused by these fungal diseases. Consequently, the adoption of biological alternatives based on the use of biofungicides remains a rational approach to control postharvest diseases of apples and thus reduce annual production losses in this economically crucial sector.

苹果种植是世界上主要的红果作物之一，年产量非常大。然而，采后病害给苹果生产国造成了重大损失。本综述旨在描述苹果采后病害，强调其经济损失，并证明使用合成杀菌剂的替代方法控制这些真菌病害的重要性。虽然来自不同化学家族的各种合成杀菌剂已经过测试，可以抑制储存苹果中的病原体，但鉴于真菌菌株中出现的耐药性，其有效性仍然不确定。因此，行业利益相关者正在探索应对这一紧迫挑战的生物解决方案。在这种情况下，使用拮抗微生物、植物提取物和精油的生物活性化合物、添加剂、盐以及几种治疗方法的组合等替代方法是减少这些真菌病害造成的经济损失的有希望的替代方法。因此，采用基于生物杀菌剂的生物替代品仍然是控制苹果采后病害的合理方法，从而减少这个经济关键部门的年产量损失。