The carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology is an effective approach to reducing CO₂ emissions. Given the extensive range of existing technologies within the CCU framework, systematic methods for the optimal selection of economical and sustainable CCU pathways are crucial. To address this challenge, superstructure-based process design has emerged as a popular approach. Over the past several years, numerous contributions have been made in this area. This article provides an overview of surrogate models widely used in process synthesis and introduces mathematical methods for superstructure-based CCU process design. Recent advances in superstructure-based CCU process design are discussed across six selected application areas, including multistage separations for CO₂ capture, CO₂ thermochemical conversion, CO₂ electrochemical conversion, bioenergy with CCU, CO₂ transport network design, and energy systems design in CCU.

碳捕获与利用（CCU）技术是减少CO ₂ 排放的有效途径。鉴于 CCU 框架内现有技术的广泛性，用于最佳选择经济且可持续的 CCU 路径的系统方法至关重要。为了应对这一挑战，基于上层建筑的流程设计已成为一种流行的方法。在过去的几年里，人们在这一领域做出了许多贡献。本文概述了过程综合中广泛使用的代理模型，并介绍了基于上层结构的 CCU 过程设计的数学方法。基于上部结构的 CCU 工艺设计的最新进展在六个选定的应用领域进行了讨论，包括 CO ₂ 捕获的多级分离、CO ₂ 热化学转化、CO ₂ 电化学转换、CCU 生物能源、CO ₂ 传输网络设计以及 CCU 中的能源系统设计。